Cell Organelles and Functions

Free template from www.brainybetty.com Prokaryotic – simple, single celled organisms that have NO (rhymes with Pro-) true nucleus. Genetic material not separated from rest of cell by any membrane. Can exist in a large range of environments. They can live in hot, harsh temperatures They can live without oxygen Some can even make their own food 08/11/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com

Free template from www.brainybetty.com Eukaryotic – cells that contain a true nucleus. (YOU (sounds like Eu-) have a nucleus) Genetic material separated from rest of cell by a membrane Considered to be complex (compared to prokaryotic)‏ and formed by endosymbiosis of prokaryotes Houses various organelles that do specific jobs within the cell 08/11/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com

Free template from www.brainybetty.com What is an organelle? An organelle is a structure that carries out specific activities in the cell. Term means “little organ” Obviously, it’s not an organ, as it’s smaller than a cell... 08/11/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com

Cell Membrane Boundary of cell Regulates what enters and leaves Made mostly of phospholipid bilayer 08/11/09

Free template from www.brainybetty.com Cytoplasm Gel like substance inside cell where organelles are housed. Where most cellular activities occur Many biomolecules necessary for the cell processes are dissolved there. Used as transport medium for ribosomes and other organelles 08/11/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com

Free template from www.brainybetty.com Nucleus internal compartment that houses DNA (genetic material)‏ Also contains a nucleolus, which makes ribosomes. 08/11/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com

Ribosomes Responsible for protein synthesis (making protein) Not bound by a membrane May be found floating free in the cytoplasm or attached to Endoplasmic Reticulum (making it ROUGH ER) 08/11/09

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Rough -Long system of membranes throughout cell and connected to nucleus. Ribosomes are connected to the membrane (which makes it rough) moves proteins through cell 08/11/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com

Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth- does not contain ribosomes (looks smooth). Primarily functions to makes lipids Also breaks down some toxic substances (especially in the liver) 08/11/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com

Free template from www.brainybetty.com Golgi Apparatus Flattened membrane bound sacs Packs (into vesicles) and distributes materials throughout the cell - gathers simple molecules and combines them to make molecules that are more complex Makes lysosomes 08/11/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com

Free template from www.brainybetty.com Lysosome Small, spherical organelles (vesicles) that contain enzymes for digesting things: food, cell parts, other cells... 08/11/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com

Free template from www.brainybetty.com mitochondria Organelle that gets energy (ATP) from organic compounds. AKA “Powerhouse of the cell” “Mighty” Has its own DNA (left-over from before endosymbiosis) 08/11/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com

Free template from www.brainybetty.com Vacuole Membrane bound space that stores materials: food, water, wastes In plants central vacuole stores water and other substances and is much larger than in animals. 08/11/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com

Free template from www.brainybetty.com Chloroplast Organelles that use light energy to make carbohydrates Full of chlorophyll (why it’s green) Has it’s own DNA (endosymbiosis) 08/11/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com

Free template from www.brainybetty.com Cell wall Rigid structure found outside cell membrane of plants. Made of proteins and carbohydrates (cellulose) 08/11/09 Free template from www.brainybetty.com