Eukaryotic Cells vs. Prokaryotic Cells

Cell Theory Cells are the basic units of living organisms. The cell theory states that:  All living things are made of one or more cells.  Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.  All cells come from other cells.

Cell Types Two categories: 1. have membrane- bound organelles and 2. those that do not. Cells that do not have membrane-bound organelles are called prokaryotic cells. Unicellular organisms such as bacteria are examples of prokaryotes.

Cell Types Cells that contain organelles which are held together by membranes are called eukaryotic cells. Examples include plant and animal cells.

Eukaryotic Cell Structure The plasma membrane is the flexible boundary of a cell that separates a cell from its surroundings.

Plasma Membrane allows nutrients to enter the cell and waste to be removed. This is referred to as selective permeability. *(Selective=Chooses, Permeability=filter through)* keeping a healthy balance of nutrients and water within the cell is called homeostasis.

Eukaryotic Animal cell

Overview of Organelles Nucleus- most inner compartment of the cell that contains chromatin (DNA). Chromatin- Directions on how to make proteins. Nucleolus- Found inside nucleus, ribosomes are made here Ribosomes- make proteins (made up of RNA and protein) Cytoplasm- clear gel like fluid inside the cell, which suspends all organelles.

Overview Cont’d Endoplasmic Reticulum- extensive network of membranes. Golgi Apparatus- sorts proteins made by the ribosomes and sends them to needed places in the cell. Lysosomes- organelles that are filled with digestive enzymes to remove waste and invading bacteria. Mitochondria- release energy for the cell.

Eukaryotic plant cell Plant cells are also Eukaryotic cells, but plant cells contain some organelles that are not found in animal cells.

Plant Cell Organelles Cell wall- rigid wall outside the plasma membrane. It provides the cell with extra support. Chloroplasts- captures light and energy; and converts it into chemical energy. Chlorophyll- green pigment found inside the chloroplast. Plastids- organelles that store things such as food in the plant cell.

Poster project Create a 3 part poster comparing and contrasting the structures/organelles of each cell (prokaryotic, animal and plant) Identify the shape of each cell Identify the structure and function of each organelle in the eukaryotic cells Point out differences between organelles in the plant and animal cell

Poster example 1:

Poster example 2:

Bacterial cell Animal cell Plant cell