Organelle: Specialized structures inside cells that have specific shapes and functions (form & function). Each performs a specific process/job.

Three Sections of the Cell All cells take in food, rid waste, reproduce 4 main sections – 1) Cytoplasm – 2) Plasma Membrane – 3) Nucleus

Cytoplasm & Cytosol Cytoplasm: Everything between the plasma membrane & the nucleus that includes the cytosol and organelles. Cytosol: Jelly-like fluid of the cytoplasm that surrounds organelles. They “float” within this space. – Job: Allow chemical reactions to take place.

Aka: Cell Membrane Job: Allow materials to enter/exit Composition: Lipids & proteins Semi-Permeable: only specific materials may enter and exit – Through pores & protein channels

Job: Controls cell activity – Where DNA is found – DNA holds info to make proteins Inside: – 1) Chromatin: long strands of DNA – 2) Nucleolus: makes ribosomes

AKA: ER Rough ER: Tunnel system that transports ribosomes and proteins Smooth ER: makes fats & breaks down toxins (no ribosomes)

Created by nucleolus – Exit through nuclear pores – Some attached to ER… some free-floating Transported by the rough ER Job: Make proteins

AKA Golgi Body Job: Package and transport proteins out of the cell Protein Creation Process Review 1) Nucleolus makes a ribosome 2) Ribosome makes protein & travels through rough ER 3) Golgi Body packages the protein into a vesicle and exports them (like a post office).

Membrane-bound sacs. Job: Hold materials, like protein, nutrients, or waste. Transports materials into or out of a cell.

Golgi Body in Action Golgi body is placing proteins (yellow dots) into protective vesicles Vesicle expels the proteins (blue dots) from the cell

Powerhouse: Releases energy to the cell Job: Create ATP (energy molecule) in a process called cellular respiration Endosymbiosis theory: Mitochondria were once free living organisms that later became parts of modern cells – Evidence: Own DNA, own ribosomes, make proteins, replicate

Contain digestive enzymes Functions: – 1) Break down food – 2) Kill bacteria – 3) Autolysis: Destroy dying cell

Job: Stores food, water, waste, color pigments Swells & shrinks with H 2 O supply Animal cells: Scattered smaller vacuoles

Centrosomes: Located near nucleus & contain 2 centrioles. –-–- Centrioles: Cylinders (tubes) found in the centrosomes and contain microtubules. – J– Job: Aids in cell division. Also forms cilia and flagella.

Used in movement Cilia = Short hair-like extensions (numerous) Flagella = Long whip-like extension (very few)

That one magical night, sperm cells swam with the aid of a flagella!

REview 1)Pick an organelle…any organelle. Describe its function. 2)Name 7 organelles that can be found within the cytoplasm. 3)Describe the pathway that proteins travel from creation to exportation. 4)Which organelle creates ATP energy for cells? 5)Which organelle creates ribosomes? 6)Which organelle fuses with the cell membrane to release proteins? 7)Which molecule holds the information to make a protein? 8)Which organelle helps with cell division? 9)What does it mean when we say that the plasma membrane is semi-permeable?