Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) 1 An Analysis of Connecticut Burglary Crime Data Presentation to the Sentencing Task Force October 2, 2007

Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) 2 Acknowledgements Office of Policy and Management Criminal Justice Policy & Planning John E. Forbes, Assistant Director Linda D. DeConti, M.Sc., Research Manager Alyse A. Chin, M.S.W., Assistant Manager Central Connecticut State University Stephen M. Cox, Ph.D., SAC Director Lyndsay Ruffolo, Program Administrator State of Connecticut Judicial Branch Court Operations Judith Lee, Esq., Caseflow Mgmt. Specialist Court Support Services Division Center for Research & Quality Improvement Brian Hill, Manager Susan C. Glass, Program Manager Department of Correction (DOC) Offender Classification Frederick J. Levesque, Director Board of Pardons & Paroles (BOPP) Richard Sparaco, Parole & CS Manager Jerry Stowell, Ph.D., Consultant Department of Public Safety (DPS) Division of State Police Lois A. Desmarais, Planning Specialist Gary Lopez, Planning Specialist Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services (DMHAS) Alfred Bidorini, Director of Planning Forecasting/Research Work Group Research Consultant to the U.S. Attorneys Office Ivan Kuzyk Department of Correction (DOC) Jody Barry, Research Analyst Department of Public Safety (DPS) Tom Myers, IT Analyst 2 Office of Legislative Research Christopher Reinhart, Senior Attorney

Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) 3 Stephen M. Cox, Ph.D. Central Connecticut State University Connecticut Statistical Analysis Center (SAC) Director and Co-Chair for the Forecasting/Research Work Group

Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) 4 Our collaborative strength bridges the gap in data sharing where current technology and comparable resources may not exist. This is the best data that we have at the moment – we have more work to do. Why can’t we get that now? There are data collection flaws and the data is imprecise. People incorrectly assume data systems are reporting systems. Each agency maintains their information for their own operational purpose. These are real time operational systems and NOT always Research Friendly. Some data is continually overwritten and historical records may be lost. Cross agency issues in terms of data fields: how we define, store or search for data. This request has shown us: How are we doing things? AND How we can improve? Data Qualifications From the Research Perspective…

Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) 5 Overview/Trends Process Who’s in the System Now Issues for Further Study Presentation Outline

Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) 6 National Rankings for Burglary Trends in Burglary Arrest Data Burglary Statutes in Connecticut Classification of Violent Offenses in Connecticut Overview/Trends

Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) 7 National Rankings for Burglary * Definition: The Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program defines burglary as the unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or theft. To classify an offense as a burglary, the use of force to gain entry need not have occurred. The Program has three sub-classifications for burglary: forcible entry, unlawful entry where no force is used, and attempted forcible entry. The UCR definition of “structure” includes, for example, apartment, barn, house trailer or houseboat when used as a permanent dwelling, office, railroad car (but not automobile), stable, and vessel (i.e., ship). Source: Crime in the United States, U.S. Department of Justice — Federal Bureau of Investigation, September 2007.

Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) 8 Trends in Burglary Offense Data (2004) Source: Department of Public Safety, 2004 “Crime in Connecticut” US CT

Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) Burglary Offense Data Source: Department of Public Safety, 2004 “Crime in Connecticut” DATA NOTE: This publication uses UCR and NIBRS data combined. Most burglaries happen during the day Nearly 70% of all burglaries take place at a residence Slightly more than 20% of all burglaries happen at a residence during the night

Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) 10 Burglary Statutes in Connecticut Source: OLR Research Report - Burglary Statutes, 2007-R-0505, August 22, 2007, Christopher Reinhart, Senior Attorney

Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) 11 Classification of Violent Offenses in Connecticut Department of Correction (DOC) Source: State of Connecticut, Department of Correction, Objective Classification Manual, Revised July

Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) % Regulations: Definitions of Violent Offenses (P.A for offenses committed after 7/1/96) 53a48/53a54Conspiracy to Commit Murder 53a49/53a54Criminal Attempt to Commit Murder 53a-55Manslaughter 1 st 53a-55aManslaughter 1 st with a Firearm 53a-56Manslaughter 2 nd 53a-56aManslaughter 2 nd with a Firearm 53a-56bManslaughter 2 nd with a Motor Vehicle 53a-57 Misconduct with a Motor Vehicle 53a-59Assault 1 st 53a-59bAssault on Department of Correction Employee 53a-60Assault 2 nd 53a-60aAssault 2 nd with a Firearm 53a-60bAssault of a Victim Sixty or Older 2 nd 53a-60cAssault of a Victim Sixty or Older 2 nd with a Firearm 53a-59aAssault of a Victim Sixty or Older 53a-70Sexual Assault 1 st 53a-70bSexual Assault in a Spousal or Cohabiting Relationship 53a-72bSexual Assault 3 rd with a Firearm 53a-92Kidnapping 1 st 53a-92aKidnapping 1 st with a Firearm 53a-94Kidnapping 2 nd 53a-94aKidnapping 2 nd with a Firearm 53a-95Unlawful Restraint 1 st 53a-101Burglary 1 st 53a-102aBurglary 2 nd with a Firearm 53a-103aBurglary 3 rd with a Firearm 53a-111Arson 1 st 53a-112Arson 2 nd 53a-134Robbery 1 st 53a-135Robbery 2 nd 53a-136Robbery 3 rd 53a-167c Assault on a Policeman or Fireman 53a-179bRioting in a Correctional Facility 53a-179cInciting a Riot in a Correctional Facility Classification of Violent Offenses in Connecticut Any individual convicted of Conspiracy (53a-48), Criminal Attempt (53a-49) or Criminal Liability (53a-8) to the aforementioned statutes, or who is convicted of Violation of Probation where the underlying charge is one of the aforementioned statutes, is subject to 85% designation provided the offenses or underlying offenses are committed after July 1, Board of Pardons and Paroles (BOPP) Source: State of Connecticut, Board of Pardons and Paroles

Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) 13 Source: State of Connecticut, Judicial Branch, Court Support Services Division List of statutes used by CSSD Adult Probation Officers to determine whether or not an individual on probation is eligible to be placed on administrative monitoring if the risk assessment indicates they are low risk. Judicial Branch Court Support Services Division (CSSD) Classification of Violent Offenses in Connecticut CSSD Administrative Monitoring Excluded Offenses

Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) 14 Overview/Trends Process Who’s in the System Now Issues for Further Study Presentation Outline

Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) 15 Process Offenses and Court Disposition by Burglary Statute 81% of Burglary offenses are Burglary 3 (53a-103) 43% of all Burglary offenses end in a Conviction (Convictions and Plea) 57% of all Burglary offenses receive a Nolle Source: OLR Research Report – Burglary Statistics, 2007-R-0506, August 27, 2007, Christopher Reinhart, Senior Attorney (Aggregation of Table 4) Aggregations of Judicial Case Data for Burglary Statutes, FY 2002 to FY 2007

Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) 16 Process Offenses and Length of Prison Sentence Burglary 1:95% of Convicted Offenders were Sentenced to Prison 7.8 years Average Sentence Burglary 2:79% of Convicted Offenders were Sentenced to Prison 2.2 years Average Sentence Source: State of Connecticut, Judicial Branch, Court Operations Data; Analyzed by Stephen M. Cox, Ph.D., Central Connecticut State University Judicial Data for Burglary Statutes, FY 2002 to FY 2007

Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) 17 Process Offenses and Type of Sentence Burglary 1: 59% of Convicted Offenders were Sentenced to Prison with some form of post-release supervision Burglary 2: 50% of Convicted Offenders were Sentenced to Prison with some form of post-release supervision Prison Only Probation Only Prison followed by Probation Prison followed by Special Parole Total 53a a ,131 53a-102a a-103 2,6712,2232, ,457 53a-103a Total3,1332,4652, ,919 Judicial Data for Burglary Statutes, FY 2002 to FY 2007 Source: State of Connecticut, Judicial Branch, Court Operations Data; Analyzed by Stephen M. Cox, Ph.D., Central Connecticut State University

Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) 18 Overview/Trends Process Who’s in the System Now Issues for Further Study Presentation Outline

Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) 19 Persons Convicted of Burglary: Probation or DOC Supervision Who’s in the System Now (September 14, 2007) Total DOC Supervision: 25,631 4,689 or 18% of DOC offenders have been convicted of at least one burglary Only 237 had a single criminal docket, which means the vast majority of offenders had more than one conviction. Burglary convictions include current or past sentence. Third Degree Burglary has the highest number of Offenders *Total for Probation represents more than the total number of probationers, since some had multiple burglary convictions. Source: State of Connecticut, Judicial Branch, Court Support Services Division; and Connecticut Department of Correction Data Analyzed by Ivan Kuzyk, Research Consultant to the U.S. Attorneys Office

Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) 20 Persons Convicted of Burglary: Probation or DOC Supervision Who’s in the System Now (September 14, 2007) 74% of the 4,689 DOC offenders convicted of at least one burglary are incarcerated At least 19% of burglars are in DOC Community Supervision, which is less than 4% of the Total DOC Population Source: State of Connecticut, Judicial Branch, Court Support Services Division; and Connecticut Department of Correction Data Analyzed by Ivan Kuzyk, Research Consultant to the U.S. Attorneys Office

Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) 21 Persons Convicted of Burglary: Maximum Sentence Who’s in the System Now (September 14, 2007) * 21 burglars excluded with sentences of 999 yrs Source: Connecticut Department of Correction Data Analyzed by Ivan Kuzyk, Research Consultant to the U.S. Attorneys Office

Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) 22 Persons Convicted of Burglary: DOC Supervision Who’s in the System Now (September 14, 2007) For the 4,689 Total Burglars the Median Age: At First Conviction: 21 years old At Last Conviction: 28 years old Data represents the first conviction that resulted in incarceration and not the first conviction overall. Source: Connecticut Department of Correction Data Analyzed by Ivan Kuzyk, Research Consultant to the U.S. Attorneys Office

Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) 23 Persons Convicted of Burglary: DOC Supervision Who’s in the System Now (September 14, 2007) Relative to the adult population, burglars as well as all offenders have significantly lower levels of educational attainment. While 31% of Connecticut adults have at least a four year degree, less than 1% of convicted burglars have completed 4 years of college Convicted burglars compared to other offenders have a slightly higher level of educational attainment Burglars All Offenders CT Adults Source: Connecticut Department of Correction Data Analyzed by Ivan Kuzyk, Research Consultant to the U.S. Attorneys Office

Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) 24 Persons Convicted of Burglary: DOC Supervision Who’s in the System Now (September 14, 2007) Burglars had a higher level Alcohol/Drug Score compared to all offenders under DOC Supervision Compared to all other offenders, Burglars had a higher level Discipline Score Burglars had a similar Mental Health Score compared to all offenders under DOC Supervision Compared to all other offenders, Burglars had a higher level Violence Score Source: Connecticut Department of Correction Data Analyzed by Ivan Kuzyk, Research Consultant to the U.S. Attorneys Office

Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) 25 Persons Convicted of Burglary: Top 20 Town of Residence Who’s in the System Now (September 14, 2007) All offenders who were under DOC supervision on September 14, 2007 identified 907 locations as their place-of-residence. Burglars identified 334 places as their place-of- residence. 71% of burglars come from the 20 towns. Source: Connecticut Department of Correction Data Analyzed by Ivan Kuzyk, Research Consultant to the U.S. Attorneys Office

Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) 26 Overview/Trends Process Who’s in the System Now Issues for Further Study Presentation Outline

Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) 27 Issues for Further Study Recommendations to the Task Force: Establish a clear vision of what problem(s) it is trying to solve and which information will be most helpful to support solutions to those problems. Need a common definition of “Violent Offenders” in Connecticut. Recommendations to Improve Research: Meet with OBTS staff to discuss research/data needs and data accessibility. Set standards for data quality within the Connecticut criminal justice system. Consider how things are counted and recorded – individuals, cases, dockets and charges can be difficult to reconcile. Need to develop and implement a consistent, unique identifier that begins at arrest to follow offenders through the Connecticut criminal justice system. From the Research Perspective…

Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) 28 An Analysis of Connecticut Burglary Crime Data Presentation to the Sentencing Task Force October 2, 2007