1 Chapter 9 Nuclear Radiation Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. 9.4 Half-Life of a Radioisotope 9.5 Medical Applications Using Radioactivity.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
1 Chapter 11 Nuclear Chemistry Use of 131 I in detecting Hyper- or hypo- thyroidism.
Advertisements

Radioactivity and Half-Life
Hosted By Tristan Holmgren and Adam Belmnahia Radiation Transmutations Half-Life Uses and dangers of radio isotopes
Half Life After one half life half of a sample is left. After 4 half-lives ___ is left. A.1/2 B.1/4 C.1/8 D.1/16.
Chapter 4 Radioactivity and Medicine A CT scan (computed tomography) of the brain using X-ray beams.
Nuclear Chemistry & Radioactive Decay. Nuclear Chemistry Defined Changes occurring WITHIN the nucleus of an atom Atomic nuclei often emit particles or.
1 Nuclear Radiation Natural Radioactivity Nuclear Equations Producing Radioactive Isotopes Half-Life Nuclear Fission and Fusion.
Chapter 9 Nuclear Radiation
REVIEW. Nuclear Decay Subatomic Particles Protons- plus charge In the nucleus Neutrons- neutral Electrons - negative charge Outside the nucleus 4.
Chapter 5: Harnessing the Secrets of the Nucleus Nuclear Energy, Nuclear Medicine, and a Nuclear CalendarNuclear Medicine © 2003 John Wiley and Sons Publishers.
Atomic Structure.
1 Nuclear Radiation Natural Radioactivity A person working with radioisotopes wears protective clothing and gloves and stands behind a shield.
Chapter 9 Nuclear Radiation
The Nucleus and Radioactivity
Nuclear Radiation Natural Radioactivity Nuclear Equations
Nuclear Chemistry In this chapter, we will discuss concepts that contradict what you have already learned. In a nuclear reaction, elements can change.
1 Ch 9 - Nuclear Radiation 1.Nuclear Emissions 2.Nuclear Equations 3.Producing Radioactive Isotopes 4.Half-Life 5.Nuclear Fission and Fusion 6.Uses & Effects.
1 Nuclear Radiation Natural Radioactivity Nuclear Equations Producing Radioactive Isotopes Half-Life Nuclear Fission and Fusion.
1 Chapter 9 Nuclear Radiation Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. 9.3 Radiation Measurement.
Nuclear Chemistry Ch 18, Pg 666, # 1-8
Chapter 9 Nuclear Radiation
Half-Life Nuclear Chemistry. What is Half-Life? The time it takes for half of a given amount of a radioactive isotope to undergo decay.
Chapter 9 Nuclear Radiation
Half Life Practice.
1 Radioactivity and Half-Life. 2 Radioactivity An unstable atomic nucleus emits a form of radiation (alpha, beta, or gamma) to become stable. In other.
Half-Life.
Unit 2: The Atom Half- Life. Half Life The time required for one half of the nuclei of a radioactive isotope sample to decay to atoms of a new element.
1 Clip. 2 Radioactivity An unstable atomic nucleus emits a form of radiation (alpha, beta, or gamma) to become stable. In other words, the nucleus decays.
Radioactive Half-Lives. perform simple, non-logarithmic half life calculations. graph data from radioactive decay and estimate half life values. graph.
Radioactive Decay. I can solve half-life problems. Radioisotopes decay in a predictable way – The time is takes for half of a sample to decay is called.
Chapter 4.1. Half-Life Original Sample One half-life Two half-lives Three half-lives Contains a certain One-half of the One-fourth of One-eight of the.
Review. What type of decay will happen if the nucleus contains too many neutrons? Beta Decay.
1 Chapters 18 NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY. 2 CHAPTER OUTLINE  Atomic Structure Atomic Structure  Radioactivity Radioactivity  Alpha Decay Alpha Decay  Beta.
1 Chapter 9 Nuclear Radiation 9.1 Natural Radioactivity Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
1 Nuclear Chemistry 2 The stability of the atom The vast majority of all atoms are incredibly stable and their nucleus never changes. However, a small.
Section 3: Radioactive Decay and Half-Life.  The spontaneous emission of rays or particles from certain nuclei as they “decay,” such as Uranium.  These.
What do the following terms mean? Radiation Radioactivity Fusion Fission S-79 Students will distinguish the characteristics and components of radioactivity.
ENERGY UNIT Learning Goal #4: Understand the meaning of half-life and be able to determine graphical data relating to half-life and age of a radioactive.
Radioactive Decay A series of reactions that starts with an unstable nucleus and results in a stable nucleus Transmutation- the conversion of one element.
Calculating Radioactive Decay Honors Chemistry Dr. Yager.
Radioactive Dating Chapter 7 Section 3.
Isotopes and Radioactivity
Nuclear Chemistry: Half-Life. Half Life Definition = time it takes for half of a radioactive sample to decay; describes rate of decay The stability of.
Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 9 Nuclear.
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Fourth Edition Karen Timberlake 4.4 Half-life of a Radioisotope Chapter 4 Nuclear Chemistry © 2013 Pearson Education,
Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 9 Nuclear.
Half – Life All radioisotopes have a half life. The half is of any given radioisotope is the amount of time required for one half (50%) of the sample to.
Rates of Nuclear Decay Chapter 10 Section 2 Pg
Example 1 Using Zero and Negative Exponents a. 5 0
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Radioactivity. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Chemistry Joke Q: What do you get when you put Jim Carrey in jail?
QOTD How do we measure the stability of an atom?.
Introduction to Nuclear Chemistry Chapter 19. I. Study of Nuclear Reactions Nuclear Reactions vs. Chemical Reactions Define “ Chemical Reaction”?
Unit: Nuclear Chemistry Half-Life Day 2 – Notes. After today you will be able to… Identify the factor that nuclear stability is dependent on. Calculate.
Nuclear Chemistry II. Radioactive Decay C. Half-Life II. Radioactive Decay C. Half-Life.
Radiation Measurement
UNIT 7 NUCLEAR REACTIONS 7.3 Calculating Half Life? May 17, 2011 DO NOW: = /4.5 = If we start with 4.5 grams of Radon-222 and over a period.
Radioactive Decay and Half-Life. The isotope Radium–228 undergoes beta decay as shown in the following equation:
 Half-life – the time it takes for ½ of a radioactive sample to decay  Half-life for a radioactive element is a constant rate of decay  Half-life differs.
22.2 Radioactive decay Radioactive decay and its random nature Why do radioactive substances emit nuclear radiation? This process is called radioactive.
Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Twelfth Edition© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 5 Nuclear Chemistry Radiation.
NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY Chapter 20. Nuclear Chemistry Radioactivity is the emission of subatomic particles or high- energy electromagnetic radiation by the.
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: An Integrated Approach Laura Frost, Todd Deal and Karen Timberlake by Richard Triplett Chapter 2 Lecture Atoms.
5.4 Half-Life of a Radioisotope
Chapter 4 Nuclear Chemistry
Chapter 9 Nuclear Radiation
Half-Life.
Time it takes for 1/2 of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay.
Interpret Graphs 1 2 A half-life (t ) is the time required for one-half of the nuclei in a radioisotope sample to decay to products. Copyright © Pearson.
Chapter 9 Nuclear Radiation
Half-Life HALF-LIFE is the time that it takes for 1/2 a sample to decompose. The rate of a nuclear transformation depends only on the “reactant” concentration.
Presentation transcript:

1 Chapter 9 Nuclear Radiation Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. 9.4 Half-Life of a Radioisotope 9.5 Medical Applications Using Radioactivity

2 Half-Life The half-life of a radioisotope is the time for the radiation level to decrease (decay) to one half of the original value. Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

3 Decay Curve A decay curve shows the decay of radioactive atoms and the remaining radioactive sample. Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

4 Half-Lives of Some Radioisotopes Radioisotopes that are naturally occurring tend to have long half-lives. used in nuclear medicine have short half-lives. Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

5 In one half-life, 40 mg of a radioisotope decays to 20 mg. After two half-lives, 10 mg of radioisotope remain. 40 mg x 1 x 1 = 10 mg half-life 2 half-lives Initial 40 mg 20 mg 10 mg Half-Life Calculations

6 The half-life of 123 I is 13 hr. How much of a 64 mg sample of 123 I is left after 26 hours? 1) 32 mg 2) 16 mg 3) 8 mg Learning Check

7 Solution Half-life 13 hr 2) 16 mg STEP 1 Given 64 g; 26 h; 13 hr/half-life STEP 2 Plan 26 hours Number of half-lives STEP 3 Equalities 1 half-life = 13 h STEP 4 Set Up Problem Number of half-lives = 26 h x 1 half-life = 2 half-lives 13 h 64 mg 32 mg 16 mg

8 Medical Applications Radioisotopes with short half-lives are used in nuclear medicine because they have the same chemistry in the body as the nonradioactive atoms. in the organs of the body, they give off radiation that exposes a photographic plate (scan), giving an image of an organ. Thyroid scan Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

9 Some Radioisotopes Used in Nuclear Medicine Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

10 Learning Check Which of the following radioisotopes are most likely to be used in nuclear medicine? 1) 40 K half-life 1.3 x 10 9 years 2) 42 K half-life 12 hours 3) 131 I half-life 8 days

11 Solution Which of the following radioisotopes are most likely to be used in nuclear medicine? Radioisotopes with short half-lives are used in nuclear medicine. 2) 42 K half-life 12 hours 3) 131 I half-life 8 days