Biomolecules

Making Polymers Carbon is the one element needed for the creation of life Carbon has 4 bonding sites making it important because of the bonding abilities When carbon is linked to itself it is said to be a carbon skeleton Carbon based molecules are considered Organic molecules. Non-carbon based molecules are considered Inorganic molecules

Making Polymers Biomolecules are made up of smaller pieces Monomer: A small molecular unit Polymer: Monomers linked together There are 4 main polymers or Macromolecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

Building and breaking Polymers Building Polymers Breaking Polymer To make a polymer, monomers are chained together Each linkage made requires water out of the chain Dehydration reaction= monomer+monomer= release of water To break down polymers, monomers are removed Each linkage broken requires water into the chain Hydrolysis reaction= Polymer-monomer+water= two parts

LE 3-3 Short polymer Dehydration reaction Unlinked monomer Longer polymer Hydrolysis

Carbohydrates

Monosaccharide A simple sugar containing only one sugar molecule. EX. LE 3-4b Glucose Fructose A simple sugar containing only one sugar molecule. EX. Glucose Fructose Galactose One sugar molecule can be in a chain or ring form Structural formula Abbreviated structure Simplified

Glucose Glucose is a main source of cellular energy The carbon skeleton can also be used to build other molecules Glucose is also used to create larger macromolecules. Structural formula Abbreviated structure Simplified

Disaccharide Two monosaccharides can be linked together using a dehydration reaction to create a disaccharide Ex. Glucose+fructose= sucrose Glucose+Glucose= maltose Glucose Maltose

Polysaccharide Long polymer chains made up of a chain of simple sugars EX. Starch= found in plant cells and is a long chain of glucose Glycogen= found in animal cells and is a long chain of glucose that is branched Cellulose= found in plant cells and is a long chain of glucose that are linked together with hydrogen bonds Sugar molecules are hydrophilic

STARCH GLYCOGEN CELLULOSE Starch granules in potato tuber cells muscle tissues Cellulose fibrils in a plant cell wall Cellulose molecules GLYCOGEN CELLULOSE STARCH Glucose monomer