Transport Demand and Management Implementation Lessons Learnt from European Experience Rudolf M. Petersen Energy Efficiency Policies in the Land Transport Sector Discussion Bangkok, 30 August 2013

Topics of the Presentation –Development of Transport Demand in Europe –European Strategies in Transport Policy –Transport Management Activities of EU –Transport Demand Management (TDM) –Urban Traffic Management

Development of Road Transport EU-27 Source: EU Statistical Pocketbook

Total transport energy consumption of EU-27 now stable ?

European Strategies in Transport Policy Financing, pricing and taxation Regulation, competition and public services Infrastructure and TEN-T Land use and transport planning Climate policy and energy efficiency Security and safety International cooperation and EU Neighbourhood Policy Awareness, information and user rights

Traffic Management on Urban Highway: Reduce Access to Avoid Congestion

One-way Traffic on Urban Main Roads "The typical metric of traffic is vehicle flow — which amounts, more or less, to standing on the corner and counting how many cars go by. Flow is high on one-way streets because there's little reason for cars to slow down. But flow doesn't take into account the fact that traveling through one-way street systems often means taking a circuitous route, which adds distance to every trip." Source: Daya/Daganzo TRB 2012

Managing Urban Mobility … Is this the future?

Flyover: Necessary to reduce congestion? Or: A Monster in the city

Giving the “Englischer Garten” partly back to the people: Tunnel instead of highway in park.

Transportation Demand Management (TDM) Parking Management & Pricing Urban Toll & Congestion Pricing Programs that Promote Transit Use Programs that Promote Carpooling  Employer-Based TDM Strategies Land Use Management and Urban Design

Parking management and pricing On-street: a parking space on the public road. Public off-street. A car park not on the public road. Private non-residential off-street. parking for a shopping centre, or an office-building. Private residential parking – off-street parking associated with houses or flats. Schematic Structure of Parking Types and Management Source: EU COST 342

Parking Requirements for New Development (England) Food retail 1 space per 14m 2 Non food retail 1 space per 20m 2 Cinemas and conference facilities 1 space per 5 seats B1 including offices 1 space per 30m 2 Higher and further education: 1 space per 2 staff + 1 space per 15 students Stadia 1 space per 15 seats Residential (PPG3) max 1.5 spaces/house or flat

When space is scarce, only bikes and pt can guarantee > 10 km/h

Settlement Density Classification for Public Transport (Examples)

Land-Use Planning for Mixed Uses: It reduces average Travel distances and enables efficient public transport. Urban structures should be carefully developed, not left to commercial investors.

Mixed land use needed for transport infrastructure efficiency When settlements are separated from offices and other work locations, half of the infrastructure is empty twice the day: at morning and at evening peak hours.

Graph: World Bank 2006

Thank you for your attention Dr.- Ing. Rudolf Petersen