Seed Plants Page 308-320

Characteristics Seed plants produce seeds. Sees nourish and protect young sporophytes The gametophytes are dependent on a reproductive structure Sperm form within pollen and needs wind or animals to move

Structure of Seeds Seed coat-protection Sporophyte or young plant or embryo Cotyledon or seed leaves-for storage of food

Gymnosperms Seed plants that do not have flowers or fruit Usually are cones to allow reproduction. Importance of gymnosperms- building material, paper products, resin, soap turpentine, paint and ink some anticancer drugs, anti-allergy drugs, decorative trees for gardens

Examples of Gymnosperms Conifers Ginkgoes Cycads Gnetophytes

Angiosperms Produce flowers and fruits, two major groups of angiosperms Monocots and Dicots

Monocots Monocots include plants such as Grasses, orchids, onions, lilies, palms

Dicots Dicots include plants such as: Roses, catuses, sunflowers, peanuts, peas

Angiosperms Importance of Angiosperms: Major food crops such as corn, wheat, rice building materials, making cloth, clothing and rope, medicine, rubber, perfume and oils

Functions of a Root Roots supply plants with water and dissolved minerals Roots hold plants securely in the soil Roots store surplus food made during photosynthesis

Structures of a Root

Stem functions Stems support the plant body Stems transport materials between the root system and the shoot system Some stems store materials

Herbaceous Stem

Cross Section of a Woody Stem

Leaf functions Make food for the plant See diagram following for leaf structure

Leaf Cell

Flowers The stamens which produce pollen and the pistil which produce eggs are surrounded by the petals and the sepals Sepals-are modified leaves that make up the outermost ring of flower parts and protect the bud Petals are broad flat thin leaf-like parts of a flower. Attract insects to the flower

Flowers Stamen- is a male reproductive structure of a flower Filament- is a thin stalk that holds the anther Anther- are saclike structures that produce pollen Pistils- is the female reproductive structure of the flowers

Flowers Stigma- is the tip of the pistil, pollen grains collect on the stigma Style- is the long slender part of the pistil Ovary- is the rounded base of a pistil that contains one or more ovules. When ovule is fertilized it develops into the fruit. Ovule- contains eggs when it becomes fertilized it develops into a seed