Sarah Lomanto AgEd 410 Cal Poly-SLO Plant Anatomy Sarah Lomanto AgEd 410 Cal Poly-SLO

Parts of a Plant Roots Leaves Stems Fruit Flowers

Diagram of Plant Parts

Root Systems Two Basic Types of Root Systems Fibrous- The roots branch from the bottom of the plant (corn and beans) Taproot- A long tapering root (carrots and dandelions)

Parts of Root Systems Root Hairs- involved in absorption of nutrients from the soil Root Cap & Meristem- conducting tissue, involved in conducting moisture & nutrients to the plant

Types of Leaves Simple leaves Compound leaves Needle leaves

Leaves Food manufacturing factory of the plant which performs Photosynthesis and contains the green pigment, Chlorophyll

Leaves Also... Capture solar energy, which is converted into chemical energy in the form of sugars and starch and is transferred up the food chain

Parts of Leaves Stomata- small openings in the leaf that help cool the plant through Transpiration Blade- main body of the plant Petiole- small stem which attaches the blade to the main plant stem

More Parts of Leaves Midrib- large central vein down the middle of the leaf Apex- tip of the leaf Base- bottom of the leaf & attaches to the petiole Margin- edge of the leaf

Different Types of Leaves Can you identify the parts we discussed on these different types of leaves?

Stems Central support structure of the plant Contain buds which are found in the area referred to as the node

External Anatomy of Stems Internodes- Areas between the buds Bark Lenticels Leaf Scars Scale Scars

Internal Anatomy of Stems Xylem Phloem Cambium Sapwood Heartwood Pith

Stem Anatomy of Herbacious Plants Epidermis Cortex Pith Vascular Bundles

Fruit Ripened ovule or egg In most plants the ovule or egg is fertilized by the sperm (the pollen) and the ovary matures into the fruit Fruit are usually classified by their structure and number of ovules

Simple Fruits Develop from a simple ovary Can be fleshy or dry

Fleshy Simple Fruit Classified as a “Drupe” or “Pome” A drupe has a stone in the center of the fruit which is the seed A pome has several seeds, usually in a chamber

Dry Simple Fruit Classified in two categories Indehiscent Dehiscent

More Fruit Classifications Aggregate fruits are developed from a single flower with many ovaries Multiple fruit have flowers that are separated but closely clustered

Flowers Four main parts Sepals Petals Stamens Pistils

Flower Classification Complete- has all four main parts Incomplete- missing any of the four primary parts Perfect- has both a pistil and a stamen (the female and male reproductive structures) Imperfect- missing the stamen or pistil

The Pistil Female reproductive structure and has three primary parts Stigma- pollen collecting structure, located at the top of the pistil Style- support structure below the stigma Ovary- enlarged portion which contains ovules or eggs

The Stamen Male reproductive structure usually surrounding the pistil Anther- pollen bearing structure Filament- acts as a stalk to support the anther

The End