Periodic Table Flashcards
Group or Family Column (up & down)
Period or Series Row (across)
# of valence electrons Elements in the same column have the same …
# of principle energy levels Elements in the same row have the same …
the number of valence electrons Chemical properties are determined by
one valence electron Elements in column 1 (IA) have
two valence electrons Elements in column 2 (IIA) have
Noble gases The name of the family in column 18 (VIIIA)
Halogens The name of the family in column 17 (VIIA)
H 2, N 2, O 2, F 2, Cl 2, He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, & Rn Elements that are gases at room temperature
Hg (metal) & Br 2 (nonmetal) Elements that are liquids at room temperature
Chemical properties Elements in the same column have similar
3 valence electrons Elements in column 13 (IIIA) have
4 valence electrons Elements in column 14 (IVA) have
Half the diameter of an atom, a measure of size Atomic radius
Increases as you go down a column (more principle energy levels) & decreases across a row (greater effective nuclear charge) Trends for atomic radius
Alkali Metals Name of family for column 1
Alkaline Earth Metals Name of family for column 2
Amount of energy required to remove the most loosely held valence electron from a gas phase atom Ionization Energy
X + energy X + + e - Ionization
Decreases as you go down a column, increases across a row Trends for Ionization Energy
LOSERS Metals are “_______”
Positive ions Metals lose electrons to form …
Properties of metals 1)Malleable 2)Ductile 3)Good conductors of heat & electricity 4)Lustrous 5)Low ionization energy 6)Low electronegativity
Properties of nonmetals 1)Brittle 2)Dull 3)Poor conductors of heat & electricity 4)High ionization energy 5)High electronegativity
winners Nonmetals are “_______”
Negative ions Nonmetals gain electrons to form …
High ionization energies & high electronegativies Nonmetals have
low ionization energies & low electronegativies Metals have
Negative ions are Larger than the parent ion
Positive ions are smaller than the parent ion
Metalloids are located On the staircase
Metals are located To the left of the staircase (except for H!)
Nonmetals are located To the right of the staircase
Elements in column 15 (VA) have 5 valence electrons
Elements in column 16 (VIA) have 6 valence electrons
Trends for metallic character Decreases across. Increases down.
Most active metals? Cs & Fr
Metals are losers. Reactivity of metals is judged by how easily metals Lose electrons
Elements with strongest metallic properties are located In the lower left corner of the periodic table.
Periodic table is arranged by Atomic number
Electronegativity Ability of an atom to attract electrons in a bond.
Most Electronegative Element Fluorine
Trends for electronegativity Increases across & decreases down.
How do we judge the reactivity of Nonmetals? Nonmetals are winners so we judge the reactivity of nonmetals by how easily they gain electons.
Trends for nonmetallic character Increases across and decreases down.
Elements in column 17 (VIIA) have 7 valence electrons
Elements in column 18 (VIIIA) have 8 valence electrons
Form brightly colored salts and solutions (except Zn) Transition metal ions
Properties of transition metals (B Group elements) Hard solids High MP Multiple oxidation states Ions have color
Allotropes Different forms of the same element in the same phase.
Allotropes Have different structures so they have different chemical & physical properties.
Allotropes of oxygen O 2 and O 3
Allotropes of carbon Graphite, diamond, & buckminsterfullerine (C 60 )
Lewis Structures Use dots to represent valence electrons.
Lewis Structures Na Br Al Mg S
Oxidation Number The charge on an atom when it has an octet in the valence level.
Oxidation #’s GroupOxidation # , , , +5, -3 16Mostly
General formula for a metal from Group 1 + oxygen M2OM2O
General formula for a metal from Group 2 + oxygen MO
General formula for a metal from Group 1 + a halogen MX
General formula for a metal from Group 2 + a halogen MX 2