The History of Psychology

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Chapter 1 Psychology as a Science Overview. What is Psychology? –Psychology Is the Scientific Study of Mental Processes and Behavior.
Advertisements

Chapter 1: The Evolution of Psychology
The History of Psychology By Stephanie Pastena.
Introduction to Psychology Becoming Familiar with the Field of Psychology.
Chapter 1 The Evolution of Psychology. The Development of Psychology: From Speculation to Science 0 Prior to Physiology and philosophy scholars.
Evolution of Psychology The Structuralists and the Functionalists and What Came After.
Psychology What is it? Unit 1 Lesson 1. Overview 1.Roots of Modern Psychology 2.Perspectives on Psychology.
THE HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY. WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY?  The study of behavior and mental processes Behavior - anything an organism does, observed actions Mental.
1. “Psychology’s intellectual parents were the disciplines of
Chapter 1 Introduction and Research Methods. What is Psychology? The science of behavior and mental processes Behavior—observable actions of a person.
Agenda 1. Bellringer: One thing you’d like to see this year. (5) 2. Class Expectations and Syllabus (15) 3. Lecture: Origins of Psychology, Major Thinkers.
Psychology: The Early Years AP Psychology Ms. Desgrosellier September 16, 2009.
Chapter 1 The Evolution of Psychology.
Chapter 1: The Evolution of Psychology. From Speculation to Science: How Psychology Developed  Prior to 1879  Physiology and philosophy scholars study.
Chapter 1: The Evolution of Psychology. Why Study Psychology? Psychology is ____________ Psychology is a powerful way of thinking Psychology teaches a.
Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc Defining Psychology Psychology The scientific study of behavior and mental processes Key terms: Science: psychology.
The Science of Psychology Chapter 1. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Psychology’s Four Goals 1.Description What is happening?
History of Psychology.
Lecture 1: The Evolution of Psychology. What is Psychology? A set of questions about mental functioning –trace back to philosophy –Aristotle asked about.
Chapter 1: The Evolution of Psychology. What is Psychology Psychology is –the science that studies behavior and –the physiological and cognitive processes.
The History of Psychology We have two ideas to evaluate today How did psychology develop from misguided theories about human emotions and thoughts to a.
Chapter 1 The History and Evolution of Psychology.
The Birth of Psychology Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning.
The Evolution to Psychology1 Chapter 1: The Evolution of Psychology.
The Roots of Psychology. Empiricism Structuralism Functionalism Experimental Psychology Behaviorism Humanistic psychology Cognitive neuroscience Psychology(IB.
The evolution of psychology
1. What IS Psychology? 2. How did it evolve? 3. What are the historical roots of psychology? 4. How do psychologists approach human behavior and mental.
Psychologist vs Psychiatrist w Psychologist w Masters (2yrs) w Doctoral (3-5 years) PhD or PsyD (clinical) Cannot prescribe drugs Practitioners Academic.
I NTERACTIVE P RESENTATION S LIDES F OR I NTRODUCTORY P SYCHOLOGY.
AP Psychology Unit 1: Psychology’s History & Approaches.
Chapter 1 The Evolution of Psychology. Table of Contents The Development of Psychology: From Speculation to Science Prior to 1879 –Physiology and philosophy.
Chapter 1 The Evolution of Psychology. n Prior to 1879 n Physiology + Philosophy = Psychology n Wilhelm Wundt ( ) University of Leipzig, Germany.
Chapter 1 The Evolution of Psychology. Table of Contents Roots of Psychology Birth of modern, scientific psychology is credited to … in … Wundt, 1879.
 Psychology revolves around understanding all the things humans do and reasons behind these behaviors.  Why is this field worthwhile?
 The Evolution of Psychology.  Prior to 1879 o Physiology and philosophy scholars studying questions about the mind  Wilhelm Wundt ( ) - University.
The History of Psychology. Objective Students will create a timeline in order to explain the historical emergence of Psychology as a field of study. Students.
CHAPTER 1- THE EVOLUTION OF PSYCHOLOGY. SPECULATION TO SCIENCE- HOW PSYCH DEVELOPED Psyche – soul logos – study of Prior to 1879 –Physiology and philosophy.
History of Psychology.
387 BC Plato suggests that the brain controls our mental processes 335 BC Aristotle suggested that the heart controls our mental processes 1879 AD Wilhelm.
1. What IS Psychology? 2. How did it evolve? 3. What are the historical roots of psychology? 4. How do psychologists approach human behavior and mental.
History of Psychology.
Roots, History, Approaches. Roots Early questions: Connection between mind & body? Ideas – innate or experiential? “Psych” – mind; “ology” – study (Aristotle)
Warm-up What is Psychology to you? What does this mean and why should we study it?
The Evolution of Psychology. From Speculation to Science: How Psychology Developed Prior to Wilhelm Wundt –Philosophy scholars studying questions about.
HISTORY & APPROACHES Chapter 1: What is Psychology?
Module 1 – The History and Scope of Psychology Module 2 – Research Strategies: How Psychologists Ask and Answer Questions.
Some slides borrowed from: Caroline M. Clements, Ph.D. The University of North Carolina at Wilmington Department of Psychology.
Of Psychology HISTORY. a. Pre-Scientific I.HISTORY Socrates & Plato - knowledge is born within us. - Introspection - Examining one’s own thoughts & feelings.
9/9/12 Aim: How did philosophical perspectives shape the development of psychological thought? Do now: answer q on sheet.
Chapter 1 The History of Psychology. Traditional psychology has only existed for about 100 years, but its origins go back deeply into history. As far.
Lesson 1.  Many things that happen to us leave no record in memory True or False? True: Most of the information around us never reaches memory, and what.
History of the Development of Psychology PAGE
Chapter 1 The Evolution of Psychology. n Prior to 1879 n Physiology + Philosophy = Psychology n Wilhelm Wundt ( ) University of Leipzig, Germany.
Chapter 1: The Evolution of Psychology. Why Study Psychology? Psychology is practical Psychology is a powerful way of thinking Psychology teaches a healthy.
Chapter 1: The Evolution of Psychology. From Speculation to Science: How Psychology Developed Prior to 1879 –Physiology and philosophy scholars studying.
Unit One: The Science of Psychology.  Many things that happen to us leave no record in memory True or False? True: Most of the information around us.
Introduction to Psychology
Introduction to Psychology
The History of Psych We can trace the roots of western Psych back to ancient Greece The Philosopher Socrates is our first written record of Introspective.
The Evolution of Psychology
Philosophical Roots of Psychology
Myers’ EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY
It’s the study of the human mind and behavior.
History of Psychology.
WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY?.
History of Psychology.
A Brief History of Psychology:
AP Psychology Unit 1: History and Approaches
Intro to Psychology Unit 1.
Psychology * Defined as: the scientific study of mind and behavior
Presentation transcript:

The History of Psychology From Ancients to the 20th Century

From Ancient Times… Cultures throughout history have speculated on the nature of the mind, soul, spirit, etc Philosophy of the Mind nature of the mind mental events mental functions mental properties consciousness their relationship to the physical body, particularly the brain

The Story of the Cave Plato: believed that We all exist in a deep in a cave, where the only thing which we can see is the shadow of figures behind us True Knowledge: thought & reason Aristotle :knowledge from our senses Philosophers explore nature vs. nurture Are we born? Are we made?

…to the Middle Ages Muslim physicians: developed practices to treat patients suffering from a variety of "diseases of the mind“ First insane asylums: Baghdad in 705 "if the nafs [psyche] gets sick, the body may also find no joy in life and may eventually develop a physical illness.“ Ahmed ibn Sahl al-Balkhi

Beginnings of Western psychology Early psychology was regarded as the study of the soul Associated with Christian & Enlightenment Traditions Studied the effects of ____ to cure various physical and mental ills Hypnosis Gravity Animal Magnetism Brain structures

Modern Psychology: From Speculation to Science Prior to 1879 Physiology and philosophy scholars studying questions about the mind Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) University of Leipzig, Germany Campaigned to make psychology an independent discipline Established the first laboratory for the study of psychology in 1879

Wilhelm Wundt’s International Influence Leipzig, the place to study psychology Graduates of Wundt’s program set up new labs across Europe and North America G.Stanley Hall (1846-1924), Johns Hopkins University Established the first psychology laboratory in the U.S. in 1883 Between 1883 and 1893, 24 new laboratories in North America

Fig. 1. 1 – Early research laboratories in North America Fig. 1.1 – Early research laboratories in North America. This map highlights the location and year of founding for the first 24 psychological research labs established in North American colleges and universities. As the color coding shows, a great many of these labs were founded by the students of Wilhelm Wundt, G. Stanley Hall, and William James. (Based on Garvery, 1929; Hilgard, 1987

The Battle of the “Schools” in the U. S. : Structuralism vs The Battle of the “Schools” in the U.S.: Structuralism vs. Functionalism Two intellectual schools of thought regarding the science of psychology Structuralism – led by Edward Titchener Focused on analyzing consciousness into basic elements Introspection – careful, systematic observations of one’s own conscious experience Functionalism – led by William James Focused on investigating the function or purpose of consciousness Led to investigation of mental testing, developmental patterns, and sex differences May have attracted the first women into the field of psychology

Fig. 1. 2 – Women pioneers in the history of psychology Fig. 1.2 – Women pioneers in the history of psychology. Women have long made major contributions to the development of psychology (Milar, 2000; Russo & Denmark, 1987), and today nearly half of all psychologists are female. As in other fields, however, women have often been overlooked in histories of psychology (Furumoto & Scarborough, 1986). The three psychologists profiled here demonstrate that women have been making significant contributions to psychology almost from its beginning-despite formidable barriers to pursuing their academic careers.

Who Won the Battle? Most historians give the edge to James and the functionalists Today, psychologists are not really categorized as structuralists or functionalists Applied psychology and Behaviorism - descendants of functionalism Behaviorism - early 1900’s The next major school of thought to influence the development of psychology