IN THE NAME OF ALLAH THE MOST BENEFICIENT THE MOST MERCIFUL

10/3/ Developed by Irfan Bin Sarwar Ali Thanvi

“Arabic Corporate Training Course for ARBROS” A Course Developed by Irfan Bin Sarwar Ali Thanvi

Lesson 2 THE ARABIC VERBS (الأفعال العربية)

10/3/2015Developed by Irfan Bin Sarwar Ali Thanvi 5 Phrases (العبارات) Verbs (الأفعال) Nouns (الأسماء)

10/3/2015Developed by Irfan Bin Sarwar Ali Thanvi 6 Definition of A Verb  The verb is perhaps the most important part of the sentence. A verb or compound verb asserts something about the subject of the sentence and express actions, events, or states of being. The verb or compound verb is the critical element of the predicate of a sentence.  Depending on the language, a verb may vary in form according to many factors, possibly including its tense, aspect, mood and voice. It may also agree with the person, gender, and/or number of some of its arguments (subject, object, etc.).  Verbs are a necessary component of all sentences. Verbs have two important functions: Some verbs put static objects into motion while other verbs help to clarify the objects in meaningful ways.

10/3/2015Developed by Irfan Bin Sarwar Ali Thanvi 7 Verbs in Arabic  You'll be very pleased to know that verb tenses in Arabic, when compared to other languages, are fairly straightforward. Basically, you only need to be concerned with two proper verb forms: the past and the present. A future verb tense exists, but it's a derivative of the present tense that you achieve by attaching a prefix to the present tense of the verb.

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10/3/2015Developed by Irfan Bin Sarwar Ali Thanvi 9 Digging up the Past Tense  The structural form of the past tense is one of the easiest grammatical structures in the Arabic language. Basically, every regular verb that's conjugated in the past tense follows a very strict pattern. First, you refer to all regular verbs in the past tense using the huwa (hoo-wah; he) personal pronoun. Second, the overwhelming majority of verbs in huwa form in the past tense have three consonants that are accompanied by the same vowel: the fatHa (fat-hah). The fatHa creates the "ah" sound.  For example, the verb "wrote" in the past tense is kataba (kah-tah-bah); its three consonants are "k," "t," and "b." Here are some common verbs you may use while speaking Arabic:  'akala (ah-kah-lah; ate)  fa'ala (fah-ah-lah; did)  dhahaba (zah-hah-bah; went)  qara'a (kah-rah-ah; read)  ra'a (rah-ah; saw)  The following table shows the verb kataba (kah-tah-bah; wrote) conjugated using all the personal pronouns. Note that the first part of the verb remains constant; only its suffix changes depending on the personal pronoun used.

10/3/2015Developed by Irfan Bin Sarwar Ali Thanvi 10 The Verbal Format of Kataba

10/3/2015Developed by Irfan Bin Sarwar Ali Thanvi 11 FormPronunciationTranslation 'anaa katabtuah-nah kah-tab-tooI wrote 'anta katabtaan-tah kah-tab-tahYou wrote (MS) 'anti katabtiian-tee kah-tab-teeYou wrote (FS) huwa katabahoo-wah kah-tah-bahHe wrote hiya katabathee-yah kah-tah-batShe wrote naHnu katabnaanah-noo kah-tab-nahWe wrote 'antum katabtuman-toom kah-tab-toomYou wrote (MP) 'antunna katabtunnaan-too-nah kah-tab-too-nahYou wrote (FP) hum katabuuhoom kah-tah-booThey wrote (MP) hunna katabnahoo-nah kah-tab-nahThey wrote (FP) antumaa katabtumaaan-too-mah kah-tab-too-mahYou wrote (dual/MP/FP) humaa katabaahoo-mah kah-tah-bahThey wrote (dual/MP) humaa katabataahoo-mah kah-tah-bah-tahThey wrote (dual/FP)

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10/3/2015Developed by Irfan Bin Sarwar Ali Thanvi 13 The Plural Verbs

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10/3/2015 Developed by Irfan Bin Sarwar Ali Thanvi 15  The definite article in Arabic is formed by adding the prefix “al” to the noun, “al” is equal to “the” in English and it should be connected to the noun. Examples: the boy = al walad الولد, the girl = al bent البنت, the house = al bait البيت.  The definite article “al, ال ” is not all the time pronounced as “al”, the “al” would be pronounced as “a” instead of “al” if it precedes one of the following letters: (t - ت, th- ث, d - د, dh- ذ, r- ر, z- ز, s- س, sh- ش, s- ص, d - ض, t - ط, z- ظ, n- ن )  This process is called assimilation. An easy way to make the pronunciation easier, just like the way English does with the indefinite article “a” (a book, but an eagle).  The sky = assamaa السماء (instead of alsamaa) because sky =samaa سماء starts with a (s س which is part of the letters above).  The moon = alqamar القمر, since the letter q ق is not in the list above we can always use the full “al” with it.  Note that the omission of the letter “l” is only in pronunciation and not in writing.

 To use the indefinite article in Arabic, there is not much that you can add, just leave the word with no article, especially when you write in Arabic alphabet, there is a small modification however that occurs to the tail of the word, called nunation (adding the suffix “un”):  A house = bait +un = baitun بيتٌ, the “un” is expressed by this symbol ( ُُ ُُ or ٌٌٌٌ ) when written in Arabic alphabet, like in the example of: baitun = بيتٌ.  A sun = shams+un = Shamsun شمسٌ, a dog = kalbunكلبٌ, a tree = shajaratun شجرةٌ, a student = tilmeedun تلميذٌ, a language = lugatun لغةٌ.  Since the nunation is a property of the indefinite article you cannot apply it to the definite article,  The star = annajm النجم, a star = najmun نجمٌ. 10/3/2015Developed by Irfan Bin Sarwar Ali Thanvi16

Developed by Irfan Bin Sarwar Ali Thanvi 17 10/3/2015 Ma’salaamah SHUKRAN JAZILLAN WA JAZAK ALLAHU KHAYRAN SHUKRAN JAZILLAN WA JAZAK ALLAHU KHAYRAN