GREECE!!!! 3000 BC – 300 BC
1st Greeks Minoans Lived on the island of Crete
Geography 2 things that shaped Greece life Mts. and Seas Mts. cover about 2/3 of Greece
Effects Small City-States Fiercely Independent
Climate Great weather Men activities - outside
Mycenaeans Indo-Europeans – settled mainland in 2000 BC Contacted Minoans - 1500 BC Took over as main Greeks
Trojan War 1200 BC – 10 yr war between Mycenaeans and Trojans
Homer A Blind Poet Illiad and Odyssey Oral traditions – written down after his death
Which one is real???
Arete (ar-uh-TAY) Virtue and Excellence!!
Ancient Greece -Philosophers “Lovers of Wisdom”
Two Main Ideas The universe is put together in an orderly way – subject to absolute and unchanging laws
People can understand these laws through logic and reason
SOCRATES!!!
(cont.) Wanted Greeks to question themselves and their moral character
(cont.) “The unexamined life is not worth living”
(cont.) Socrates asked people a series of leading questions to show that people hold many contradictory opinions.
Socratic Method Purpose: The student comes either to the desired knowledge by answering the questions or to a deeper awareness of the limits of knowledge.
Plato Student of Socrates Wrote The Republic – his vision of a perfectly governed society
The Republic Leader – Philosopher/King Three social classes
Aristotle Questioned the nature of the world. Why does the world work the way it does? Used logic Doesn’t just say “B/c the Gods did it!”
(cont.) Tutored Alexander the Great (Macedonia) in 343 BC
Golden Age of Greece (477 BC – 431 BC)
Pericles Leader during Golden Age in Athens Increased paid public officials Created direct democracy Glorified Athens
Pericles / Delian League Used money from D. L. to increase Athenian Navy “ ” to beautify Athens Athens – started bullying other poleis
Pericles Had Parthenon Built
(cont.) Peloponnesian city-states began resisting Athens
Drama and History 2 Types Comedy Tragedy a serious drama One main character – hero Hero - Extraordinary abilities Hero had a tragic flaw
Herodotus 484 BC–c. 425 BC 1st Historian Recorded the Persian Wars
Peloponnesian War War between Spartan and Athens Sparta declares war in 431 BC WHY???
(cont.) What type of war did Sparta want to fight?? What type did Athens want??
(cont.) Sparta – land battles – burned Athenian food supply Pericles – gathered everyone behind Athenian wall
(cont.) What happened when all these people were crammed behind a city wall with limited amounts of food? They couldn’t leave.
PLAGUE!!! 1/3 of Athenian population was killed Signed a truce in 421 BC LIARS!!!
Athens – LIARS! 415 BC – Attacked Sparta’s ally Athenian military was completely destroyed Athens lost everything – no longer a power
Alexander the Great 356 BC - 323 BC
His Father Phillip II (359 BC) Macedonian King
Phillip II Most Macedonians thought of themselves as Greeks Greeks didn’t feel the same Thought M’s were barbaric
(cont.) Phillip turned peasant class into trained professional army Used phalanx Set his eyes on Greece
Conquers Greece Why was Phillip II able to conquer the Great civilization of Greece????
Overall Goal!! PERSIA
Alexander Alexander takes over as king at age 20 Strict and organized leader Ex. - Thebes
(cont.) Goes after Persia in 334 BC
(cont.) Although outnumbered he defeats Darius III Darius III tries to negotiate
NOT A CHANCE!!! Alexander says he will conquer the entire Persian Empire…..and he eventually does
Marched into Egypt - welcomed as a pharaoh Founded the city Alexandria (11 times)
Meets Darius again in Persia – wins Persepolis (Persian capital) burns to the ground Why?
Turn for the worst After 11 years of fighting his troops want to turn back On his way back Alexander dies