 EUROPEAN INTEREST IN THE EAST INCREASED AFTER TRAVELERS REACHED CHINA IN THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY

 TALES OF EAST The Polo brothers stayed in China for 16 or 17 years. After their return to Venice, their notes later became the ‘Adventure of the Polos’.

 ITALIAN TRADERS REACH CHINA  In about 1260, Niccole and Maffeo Polo two bro’s from Venice set out on a trading trip to Crimea. No serious trade got past Kublai Khans court. The Polo brothers became friends with the Mongol leader and later became know as his ambassadors.

 MAIN IDEA  European began searching for direct trade routes to the east.

 Trade in the eastern goods was brisk during the 1300s.  Traders who brought spices and other goods from the east traveled a long way to reach Europe.  Europeans had no choice but to pay the prices outside merchants charged.

 DANGEROUS LAND ROUTES  In the late 1300s the huge Mongol Empire began to break apart.  New Muslim powers were rising in Asia Minor, the part of Asia closet to Europe.  As the Mongol Empire crumbled, the Ottoman extended their control over a broad area.

 MAIN IDEA  An important goal of European explorers was to spread Christianity.

 MISSIONARIES HEAD EAST  Before the Polo brothers, missionaries traveled eastward to urge Mongol to accept Christianity.  The pope sent monks to Mongol Empire to spread Christian beliefs.

VOYAGES WITH SEVERAL PURPOSES European explorers and conquer began sailing expeditions and had several purposes. One purpose was to serve god and to give light to the darkness. Their main purpose was to be wealthy men.

 MAIN IDEA  Advances in technology helped make exploration possible.

 TOOLS for NAVIGATION  By mid-1400s, European sail on the high seas carried two important tools, a magnetic compass Astrolable.  In the 1300s Europeans discovered an iron needle.  With these items Europeans can travel far lands.

K.S. World history Period 6

 Prince Henry the Navigator sent expeditions to explore the West African Coast.

 A Sailing Study Center › Around 1419, Prince Henry set up a center for the study of navigation at Sagres, on the southwestern coast of Portugal. › The maps they made were more exact and had more detail than others of the time. › Henry was curious about the world, navigation, and shipbuilding.

 Down the African Coast › Beginning in 1415, Henry sent out one expedition after another. › In 1434, Portuguese explorer Gil Eanes was sent to find a route to Africa. › Between 1450 and 1460, Henry focused mainly on trade with areas of Africa the Portuguese had reached.

 After Bartolomeu Dias sailed around the southern tip of Africa, the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama sailed around Africa to India.

 Bartolomeu Dias Rounds Africa › In 1487, three Portuguese ships led by Bartolomeu Dias sailed down the west coast of Africa. › In the wind and rain, Dias rounded the tip of Africa without knowing it. › Dias named the tip the Cape of Storms. › The ruler of Portugal renamed it the Cape of Good Hope.

 Vasco da Gama Sails to India › The Portuguese were still determined to reach Asia by sailing around Africa. However, it was 10 years before they set out again to accomplish that goal. › Da Gama sailed from Portugal, heading south down the west coast of Africa. › In the spring of 1498, da Gama crossed the Indian Ocean from East Africa to Calicut.

 First the Portuguese and then the English, Dutch, and French set up trading empires in the East.

 The Portuguese Take Control › When the Portuguese returned to the Indian Ocean after Vasco da Gama’s expedition, they were ready to use force to take control of trade. › By 1513, only 15 years after da Gama reached Calicut, the Portuguese had destroyed the Arabs hold on trade in the Indian Ocean. › The Portuguese used Malacca as a springboard to another trading area centered in the China sea.

 Power Shifts in the East › The Portuguese trading empire in the East began to break up about › Other European countries wanted a share in eastern trade. In the 1600s, they traded in the region through special companies. › Over the next 60 years, the Dutch took control of one Portuguese territory or trading post after another.

DDDDuring the Ming and Qing Dynasties, China had limited contact with foreigners

 The Ming Dynasty Rebuild China › Mongol rule over China ended in 1368 In the final years of the Mongol empire civil war broke out among the Chinese people After many years of fighting, A rebel leader Known as Hong Wu captured Beijing from the Mongols and became the Emperor of China and founder of The Ming Dynasty

FFFForeign contacts under the Ming ›T›T›T›The early Ming developed more contacts across the seas. ›Y›Y›Y›Yongle, The third Ming Emperor, took unusual steps to encourage foreign contact by sending a fleet of ships to India and southeast Asia ›T›T›T›The purpose of the expedition was to display China’s Power, encourage trade, and win new tribute paying states

 Expansion and trade during the Qing Dynasty › The Ming Dynasty slowly lost it’s control of outlying regions in the 1500s › By 1644 the Ming could no longer handle the problems of China on their on › They turned to the people of Manchuria for help, the Manchus took advantage of the situation

 The Tokugawa rulers closed Japan to almost all foreigners for more than 200 years

 Europeans Arrive in Japan  The 1500s were unsettled times in Japan  The Daimyo (warrior lords) were fighting a civil war  People everywhere used weapons to defend themselves, their families, and their communities

 The Tokugawas send Foreigners away › In 1603, the Tokugawa family came to power and ruled for more than 250 years › In the first years of rule the Tokugawas worked to bring peace and set up a new government system at the top was the Shogun (Military ruler) the first Shogun was Tokugawa Ieyasu › The Tokugawas made rule hereditary, so that it passed from one Tokugawa to the next