GREECE UNIT 1 – GREECE AND ROME

OBJECTIVES CORE OBJECTIVE: Explain how geography, culture, and government impacted Classical Greece Objective 1.1: Identify the different political systems and government that developed in the city-states. Objective 1.2: Summarize the causes and results of the Persian & Peloponnesian Wars. THEME: The Greek culture will have a significant impact and influence on many other world cultures.

Classical Greece 2000 B.C.–300 B.C. CHAPTER 5 SECTION 1 SECTION 2 Cultures of the Mountains and the Sea SECTION 2 Warring City-States SECTION 3 Democracy and Greece’s Golden Age SECTION 4 Alexander’s Empire SECTION 5 The Spread of the Hellenistic Culture These are my notes for slide 2

CULTURES OF THE MOUNTAINS AND THE SEA CHAPTER 5 SECTION 1 The roots of Greek culture are based on interaction of the Mycenaean, Minoan, and Dorian cultures.

Greece

GREEK GEOGRAPHY The Climate Ancient Greece The Sea The Land Collection of separate lands where Greek-speaking people live Includes mainland and about 2,000 islands The Sea The sea shapes Greek civilization Closeness to sea encourages sea travel and trade The Land Mountains slow travel, divide land into small populations (CITY-STATES) Lack of fertile land leads to small populations, need for colonies The Climate Moderate climate promotes outdoor life Greek men, especially, spend much of their time outside

Mycenaean Civilization WRITE THIS DOWN! Origins Mycenaeans — the first Greeks: settle in 2000 B.C. Took their name from their leading city, Mycenae Mycenaean warrior-kings dominate Greece from 1600–1100 B.C. Through contact in 1500 B.C. the Minoans influenced their religion, writing, and sea trade The Trojan War - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VrZljNHD1mY Trojan War — fought by Mycenaeans against Troy in 1200s B.C. Once thought to be fictional, archaeological evidence has been found Paris of Troy steals Helen of Greece who was married to the Greek king of Sparta: Menelaus Greece declares war, Menelaus sends his brother Agamemnon and two great leaders: Odysseus and Achilles

GREEK MYTH Epics of Homer WRITE THIS DOWN! Epics of Homer Oral tradition grows with Homer — a blind storyteller (epics) Epic — a narrative poem about heroic deeds Homer writes two major epics (Narrative poem): The Iliad and The Odyssey Greeks develop myths — morality stories about gods The Greeks had a polytheistic religion; their gods lived on Mount Olympus. Greeks seek to understand mysteries of life through myths Greeks attribute human qualities—love, hate, jealousy—to their gods

The Iliad describes the Trojan War. In the Trojan War, most of Greece united to attack the city-state of Troy, located in Asia Minor. The war lasted for years because Troy was surrounded by strong stone walls. At last the Greeks used a large, hollow, wooden horse with soldiers hidden inside to defeat the defenders of the city of Troy.

GREEK GEOGRAPHY —Assessment Which of the following contributed to the creation of city-states? (A) The Trojan war (B) The outdoor life led to people moving away from each other (C) Mountains slowed travel & divided land into small populations (D) Closeness to seas led to travel away from home How did geography affect Greek government? (A) Separation made uniting a single govt. difficult (B) Fear of volcanoes led to unified governments (C) Sea travel led to the discovery of democracy (D) Mountain-states led to constant warfare

GREEK GEOGRAPHY —Assessment Which of the following contributed to the creation of city-states? (A) The Trojan war (B) The outdoor life led to people moving away from each other (C) Mountains slowed travel & divided land into small populations (D) Closeness to seas led to travel away from home How did geography affect Greek government? (A) Separation made uniting a single govt. difficult (B) Fear of volcanoes led to unified governments (C) Sea travel led to the discovery of democracy (D) Mountain-states led to constant warfare

WARRING CITY-STATES CHAPTER 5 SECTION 2 The growth of city-states in Greece leads to the development of many different political systems

THE CITY-STATE Greek communities isolated by mountains developed into independent city-states that often fought with one another. The Greek city-state, or polis, is the formal name for the city A polis is a city and its surrounding villages 50 to 500 square miles Population of a city-state is often less than 10,000 Citizens often gather in the agora (marketplace) Greek Political Structures City-states had different forms of government Many were ruled by a monarchy, aristocracy, or oligarchy WRITE THIS DOWN!

THE ACROPOLIS WRITE THIS DOWN! Government and worship occur at the acropolis — a fortified hilltop

ATHENS There were as many as 1,500 city-states in Greece Some would barely qualify as towns as others like Argos and Corinth had over 10,000 people The two most famous city-states are Athens and Sparta Building Democracy Athens values: learning & philosophy About 621 B.C., democracy (rule by the people) develops Only native-born, property-owning males are citizens WRITE THIS DOWN!

ATHENIANS VALUED EDUCATION Purpose of education was to produce well-rounded thinkers prepared for peace or war. Home schooled to Age 7 – sent to school until age 14 All Athenian boys were expected to read heavily At age 14, poorer boys usually stopped school to learn a trade. Boys from wealthy families remained in school for four more years. At age 18 all boys were required to attend military school for two years Girls learn from mothers and other female members of household

SPARTAN STRENGTH Isolated from much of Greece, Around 725 B.C., Sparta conquers Messenia Messenians become helots—peasants forced to farm the land Harsh rule leads to Messenian revolt; Spartans build stronger state Type of Government: Oligarchy Spartan Life Spartan values: duty, military strength, discipline Forms the most powerful army in Greece Males move into barracks at age 7, train until 30, serve until 60 Girls receive some military training and live harsh lives Girls also taught to value service to Sparta above all else WRITE THIS DOWN!

THE PERSIAN WARS Causes Darius Xerxes WRITE THIS DOWN! Causes Athens helps a Greek revolt against Persia in Anatolia Cyrus and Persia respond in anger with an invasion of Greece in 490 B.C. Persian Wars — between Greece and Persian Empire The Greeks fought in a phalanx – a shielded fighting formation Darius Darius the Great leads Persians; is defeated at Marathon in 490 B.C. Runner Pheidippides races to Athens to announce Greek victory Xerxes Darius’s son Xerxes attempts to conquer Greece 10 years later Xerxes defeated the Spartans at Thermopylae (the battle of the 300!) Ultimately defeated at sea battle Salamis In the end – the Greeks defeat the Persian Empire

CONSEQUENCES OF WAR Consequences of the Persian Wars New self-confidence in Greece due to victory Athens emerges as leader of Delian League City-States combine to keep fighting the Persians Athens uses this league for its own wealth Athens controls the league by using force against opponents League members essentially become provinces of Athenian empire Stage is set for a dazzling burst of creativity in Athens WRITE THIS DOWN!

GREEK GOVT —Assessment Who were the first peoples to create permanent settlements in Greece? Minoans Dorians Mycenaeans Athenians A city-state in Greece was called a Metropolis Province Satrap Polis

GREEK GOVT —Assessment Who were the first peoples to create permanent settlements in Greece? Minoans Dorians Mycenaeans Athenians A city-state in Greece was called a Metropolis Province Satrap Polis

PERSIAN WAR —Assessment The Persian army that invaded Greece and defeated the Spartans at Thermopylae in 480 B.C. was led by Xerxes Darius the Great Draco Pheidippides All of the following were consequences of the Persian Wars except: Greek city-states felt a new sense of freedom Delian League headquarters was moved to Sparta Athens became the leader of the Delian League Athens entered a golden age

PERSIAN WAR —Assessment The Persian army that invaded Greece and defeated the Spartans at Thermopylae in 480 B.C. was led by Xerxes Darius the Great Draco Pheidippides All of the following were consequences of the Persian Wars except: Greek city-states felt a new sense of freedom Delian League headquarters was moved to Sparta Athens became the leader of the Delian League Athens entered a golden age