AP World History Chapter 3 Notes Trading Peoples AP World History Chapter 3 Notes

Trading Peoples Civilizations of Egypt & Mesopotamia greatly influenced neighboring people in the Fertile Crescent = the Aramaeans and the Phoenicians Trading peoples Traveled by sailing ships & by caravan Spread languages, customs, and ideas as they traded around the Fertile Crescent

The Phoenicians Canaan = land between ancient Egypt and Syria Canaan = modern day Israel, Lebanon, and Jordan Phoenicians settled in northern Canaan

The Phoenicians Sailed the seas for trade Made strong, fast ships using timber in cedar forests Built a string of towns & cities along their coast Grew to become city-states Built confederation (loose union) of city-states

The Phoenicians Expert navigators Plotted voyages using the sun & stars Took charge of Mediterranean shipping and trade

The Phoenicians Created an alphabet = series of written symbols that represent sounds Only 22 characters Each character represented different consonant sound Basis for our alphabet we use today

The Phoenicians To protect & re-supply their ships, the Phoenicians set up a network of trading posts and colonies along the coasts of the Mediterranean Colony = settlement of emigrants

Ancient Hebrews

Abraham’s Geneaology HAGAR ABRAHAM SARAH Ishmael Isaac 12 Arabian Tribes Jacob Esau 12 Tribes of Israel

Abraham’s Journey from Ur Canaan  The “Promised Land”

Abraham’s Journeys

Yahweh’s “Covenant” With His People The first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible. The most sacred text in the Jewish religious tradition. The Torah

The Abrahamic Covenant Abraham’s agreement with God is called the covenant Abraham’s accepting the covenant is the beginning of Judaism

The Test God tested Abraham by commanding him to sacrifice Isaac Abraham and Sarah were old & childless God told Abraham that Sarah would have a child and the child’s name should be Isaac God tested Abraham by commanding him to sacrifice Isaac Abraham agreed to sacrifice Isaac to show his faith in God

Ancient Palestine

The Exodus Israel & his 12 sons Joseph Egypt during reign of Hittites

The Nile River

Land of Goshen, Egypt

“Shepherd of His People” Moses “Prince of Egypt” “Shepherd of His People”

The Exodus

Route of the Exodus

Moses and the 10 Commandmets A new “covenant” with Yahweh

Mount Sinai

The Kingdom of Israel Hebrews divide into 12 tribes, settle in Palestine David and Goliath Israel unites under a King

King David’s Empire

Solomon’s Kingdom

King Solomon Solomon was the son of David Israel became wealthy from trade Buildt Temple of Solomon

Solomon used the wealth of Jerusalem to build a magnificent temple Solomon’s Temple Solomon used the wealth of Jerusalem to build a magnificent temple

Recreation of Ancient Jerusalem

King Solomon’s Temple Floor Plan The First Temple

Inside the Temple Tabernacle The Arc of the Covenant

The Temple Mount, Jerusalem Today Solomon’s Temple Wall: The “Wailing” Wall

King Solomon After his death, the kingdom was split North: Israel capital Samaria South: Kingdom of Judah capital Jerusalem Jewish Diaspora Lost Tribes of Israel

Kingdoms of Judah & Israel

The Kingdom of Judah Southern Kingdom lasted 150 more years Conquered by Babylon for 50 years Babylonians destroyed Solomon’s Temple

Israelites in Captivity

Eurasian Empires 500 BCE to 500 CE AP World History Notes Chapter 4

The Assyrians Lived in northern Mesopotamia Most lethal army in the Middle East Army organized into units: foot soldiers, charioteers & cavalry on horseback Fought with iron weapons & used battering rams to run into walled cities

The Assyrians Treated people they conquered very cruelly Burned cities; tortured and killed thousands of captives Deported people from their homelands Forced people to pay heavy taxes to pay for army, buildings, and roads

The Assyrians Empire stretched from the Persian Gulf to Egypt Empire divided into provinces  each one ruled by a governor Conquered people began to rebel & the empire began to fall apart 612 BCE = Chaldeans take down Assyrian empire

The Persians Ruled more than 35 million people Empire stretched more than 3000 miles – from Nile to Indus River Best organizer among Persian kings = Darius Divided empire into 23 provinces Each province ruled by a satrap = governor

Persian Empire

The Persians Persians = very tolerant rulers Allowed conquered people to keep own languages, religions, and laws Artisans built city of Persepolis = most magnificent city in the empire

The Persians Lived in present-day Iran King Cyrus added many new territories to the empire Northern Mesopotamia, Syria, Canaan, Phoenician cities, Lydia, Greek city-states in Asia Minor Later his son conquered Egypt  brought the entire Middle East under Persian control

The Persians Ruled more than 35 million people Empire stretched more than 3000 miles – from Nile to Indus River Best organizer among Persian kings = Darius Divided empire into 23 provinces Each province ruled by a satrap = governor

Persian Empire

The Persians Persians = very tolerant rulers Allowed conquered people to keep own languages, religions, and laws Artisans built city of Persepolis = most magnificent city in the empire

The Persians Big network of roads Allowed for trade between different peoples/cultures in the empire Allowed for easy movement of soldiers Royal Road = longest road in the empire  had stations along it so travelers could get food, water, and fresh horses

The Persians 480 BCE = Darius’s son Xerxes tried to conquer Greece to expand the empire Failed to defeat the Greeks