Kailua Bay, Oahu, Hawaii

 Pick up an Electromagnetic Spectrum Worksheet from the front table.  You have five minutes from the time the bell rings to complete it.  After you have completed your Bellringer write your homework in your Planner

 TLW be introduced to the main concepts of Remote Sensing  TLW be able to draw and label various images of Oahu.  TLW be able to locate Diamond Head from the remote sensing images of Oahu.

 What color is the sky?  Why do you think the sky is this color?  Is there any time when the sky is a different color?"

 Colors of the Sky ◦ Make a prediction by describing what you think will happen when you shine a flashlight into the aquarium of water.

 The shorter the wavelength of light, the more it is scattered by the atmosphere. Blue has a shorter wavelength, it is scattered ten times more than red light.  At sunset, light takes a longer path through the atmosphere. Most of the blue light has been scattered out.

The science of obtaining and interpreting information from a distance, using sensors that are not in physical contact with the object being observed. Hyperlink of video in picture From atop Diamond Head. Image by H. Mamula

 Haze-A visual effect when the concentration of scattering agents is high.  NIR- Near infrared  Pseudoinvariant features- Manmade materials such as asphalt and concrete, or natural materials such as deep water bodies or dry bare soil areas.

 What are the Three Categories of Remote Sensing Systems? 1. Reflected solar radiation sensors 2. Thermal infrared sensors 3. Imaging radar sensors

 Your eyes detect electromagnetic energy in the form of visible light.  Your ears detect acoustic (sound) energy  Your nose contains sensitive chemical receptors that respond to minute amounts of airborne chemicals Eyes Ears Nose

 The science of remote sensing in its broadest sense includes: ◦ Aerial ◦ Satellite ◦ Spacecraft  Observations detect and measure electromagnetic energy, including visible light, that has interacted with surface materials and the atmosphere.

UNITS 1 micrometer (μm) = 1 x 10-6 meters 1 millimeter (mm) = 1 x 10-3 meters 1 centimeter (cm) = 1 x 10-2 meters Blue Green Red Incoming from Sun Emitted by Earth INFRARED EnergyEnergy Wavelength 0.1 μm 1 μm 10 μm 100 μm 1 mm 1 cm 10 cm 1 m MICROWAVE (RADAR) ULTRAVIOLETULTRAVIOLET VISIBLEVISIBLE (logarithmic scale) Electromagnetic spectrum that is useful in remote sensing of the Earth’s surface.

 Matter - EM Energy Interaction Processes The horizontal line represents a boundary between two materials. Transmission

 Emission & Absorption Emission Absorption The lower the temperature, the longer the wavelength of the emitted radiation.

 Specular Reflection The surface is smooth

 Scattering (Diffuse Reflection) Rougher surfaces cause scattering in all directions.

 The amount of energy absorbed varies in wavelength for each material in a characteristic way, creating a sort of spectral signature. Emission EMR Source Sensor Absorption Scattering EMR interactions in the atmosphere and at the Earth’s surface.

1. Reflected solar radiation sensors Detect solar radiation that has been diffusely reflected (scattered) upward from surface features. Image shows reflected red light at 650 nm in red, reflected NIR at 850 nm in green, and thermal IR at um in blue as viewed from above on 26 November 2007, between 13:58 and 14:19 PST. Image by, USDA Forest Service

 Thermal infrared sensors Sensors that can detect the thermal infrared radiation emitted by surface features can reveal information about the thermal properties of these materials. Image shows reflected red light at 650 nm in red, reflected NIR at 850 nm in green, and thermal IR at um in blue as viewed from above on 26 November 2007, between 13:58 and 14:19 PST. Image by, USDA Forest Service

 Thermal infrared sensors Applications of thermal infrared images are possible, including mapping rock types, soils, and soil moisture variations, and monitoring vegetation condition, sea ice, and ocean current patterns. Image by, USDA Forest Service

 Imaging radar sensors These “active”systems “illuminate” the surface with broadcast microwave radiation, then measure the energy that is diffusely reflected back to the sensor. Image by NASA.gov Radar sensors can always acquire an image, independent of cloud cover or whether it is day or night, they are very useful in monitoring change over time.

 Imaging radar sensors Radar images are used to map landforms and geologic structure, soil types, vegetation and crops, and ice and oil slicks on the ocean surface. Image by NASA.gov Hilly terrain dominates the right half and flatter surfaces the left half of this radar Image.

 We can learn even more by combining image data from different sensors.  Interpretation of the merged data set can employ rigorous quantitative analysis, or more qualitative visual analysis.

Hyperlink hidden behind map.

 Locate Diamond Head in the image  Use graph paper to draw the Thematic Mapper Simulator (TMS) image of Honolulu.  The image looks quite similar to how we would observe the city from an airplane.

 Locate Diamond Head in the image  Use graph paper to draw the Shuttle Imaging Radar (SIR) image of Diamond Head.  Shows steep slopes and rough surfaces (at a wavelength of 24 cm) as very bright parts of the image, and smooth or non- reflective surfaces as dark.

 In this set of three images, we inter-compare the oblique computer image with photographs taken from our aircraft flying along the coast.

 Use the set of three images from the previous page & the map of Oahu to locate the following locations: 1.Pearl Harbor 2. Waikiki Beach 3.Queen Emma’s Summer Palace 4.Punch Bowl National Cemetery

 What are the Three Categories of Remote Sensing Systems?

1. Reflected solar radiation sensors

 What are the Three Categories of Remote Sensing Systems? 1. Reflected solar radiation sensors 2. Thermal infrared sensors

 What are the Three Categories of Remote Sensing Systems? 1. Reflected solar radiation sensors 2. Thermal infrared sensors 3. Imaging radar sensors

1. NASA.gov. Retrieved on February 17, rom/DOCUMENT/HTML/TEACHERS/MODULE02/M OD2SECB.HTM 2. Oahu Map. Retrieved on February 18, Smith, R. Ph.D., 23 August Introduction to Remote Sensing Environment (RSE). MicroImages, Inc., 2001–2006 Microimages.com. Retrieved on February 17, se.pdf se.pdf

5.USDA Forest Service. Retrieved on February 17, Virtually Introduction to Remote Sensing Environment. Retrieved on February 17, oahu/rem_sens_ex/rsex.spectral.4.html oahu/rem_sens_ex/rsex.spectral.4.html 7. Wittlin, M. 8 October Beauty is in the Processing-Time of the Beholder. Brain & Behavior. Retrieved on February 17, gBeauty is in the Processing-Time of the Beholder