 What is cartography?  Purpose of Maps  Famous map examples  Organization of the map: the equator, latitude, and longitude, Prime meridian, tropics.

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Presentation transcript:

 What is cartography?  Purpose of Maps  Famous map examples  Organization of the map: the equator, latitude, and longitude, Prime meridian, tropics of Capricorn and Cancer  Time zones, International date line, Greenwich, England

 The purpose of a map is to document physical features of an area for the purposes of science, exploration and relative perspective  Cartography is the art and science of representing the known features of the Earth

Nautical Chart of the Mediterranean Sea from the 14 th century

 Equator: an imaginary line around the Earth that is equidistant from the North and South poles and perpendicular to the Earth’s axis of rotation  A coordinate system using Latitude and Longitude measurements are used to describe locations on Earth ◦ Each pole is described as having 90˚latitude (The north pole is at 90˚N ◦ The equator as a latitude of 0 ˚

-As a general trend, every degree North or South on a globe is equal to approximately 111 km - Since this value is a little high for practical purposes, cartographers further subdivide each degree into minutes, which represents 1.85 km. The symbol for minute is ́ - Minutes can be further divided into seconds, ́ ́, which represents meters ́ ́ ́ ˚ DegreeMinuteSecond

 The distance a region is from the equator directly relates to the amount of seasonal sunshine it receives.  NOTE: The Sun is the source of all phenomena on Earth  For this reason, places around the world like Morocco, Egypt, Iran, India, Southern China, and the US (Florida) experience similar climate trends

The 30 th Parallel North

 Lines of longitudes are called meridians  In 1884, astronomers decided that the meridian of reference would pass through Greenwich, England (home of the Royal Naval Observatory).  Moving West to East (from ˚)

 The Prime Meridian represents 0° longitude  The Anti-Meridian / International Date Line represents 180 ° longitude

Download Google Earth and look up the following coordinates: 51°10'43.82"N 1°49'34.39"W

 The Earth is divided into 24 true times zones because it takes 24 hours for the Earth to rotate around its axis once  Each time zone is roughly 15˚wide

 All regions on the Earth experience a transition between calendar days every 24 hours  The International Date Line (180˚meridian) serves as a transition line between days  If one were to travel WEST over the International Date Line, they would advance one calendar day. If one were to travel EAST, they would move their calendar one day back

 P. ____ Q: ______