Spatial data for integrated assessment of urban areas Andrus Meiner European Forum for Geostatistics 12 October 2011, Lisbon

Outline EEA work experience with geospatial grids Examples of urban data used in State of Environment 2010 report Urban metabolism as a central concept of IUME - Integrated Urban Monitoring for Europe

Improving our knowledge base ICT strategy towards 2013 Enhance the EEA‘s capabilities around spatial data –Spatial data sharing and integration, support to INSPIRE Increase EEA capacity to handle new types of data –near real time data, satellite data, citizen observations (through mobile devices), models Strengthen role of EEA as European Environmental Data Centre and –contribute to the European Spatial Data Infrastructure

Use of reference grids in the EEA Grids for reporting and analysis ▪no primary data collection on grids Grid-systems with Europe-wide coverage ▪EEA has extra-EU coverage of countries ▪Grids hierarchy for different needs e.g. 0.1, 1, 10 km Grids are used to analyse the environmental issues and variables ▪need for gridded socio-economic data Increased use of grids in future ▪data integration and assimilation

Concept: Land and Ecosystem Accounting (LEAC) Concept: Land and Ecosystem Accounting (LEAC) CORINE Land Cover: Next CLC 2012

The approach to generate the land accounting record for a stock

Indicators for Europe based on CLC2006 and change data Portugal Source: EEA, based on Corine LC 2006

Urban Growth in Europe Population Residential sites Economic sites Urban growth

IUME Integrated Urban Monitoring in Europe data questionssystem Combining European data sources and approaches: different urban delineations and indicators of urban flows

Data: overview main typologies of urban delineations in Europe Urban Audit Urban Atlas GMES Land (Corine LC Class 1, HR Soil sealing) UMZ Urban Morphological Zones (built up areas less than 200 m apart) ESPON –MUA Morphological Urban Areas –FUA Functional Urban Areas (beyond admin borders) MOLAND (urban areas + periurban buffers) Air quality Zones and agglomerations in relation to EU air quality thresholds Noise urbanised areas (defined by MS)

Data: types, scales, time series Eurostat Urban Audit CORINE Land Cover Soil sealing Urban Atlas AirBase Water (WTP) Noise (END) European Soil DB Natura 2000 Noise

Urban coverage 10% Europe 60% Population 10% Europe 60% Population

UMZ changes Example of Barcelona

16

soil sealing Intensity

UMZ + Urban intensity (70%)

Nature need for urban green areas

Climate change adaptation: heat waves Degree of soil sealing (UMZ) and predicted increase of tropical nights

Green urban areas: share and access

Brussels

StaticDynamic Different delineations for different purposes Morphological Functional Administrative Biophysical process Socio-economic Planning & Management

Regular grid - common interface for integration different delineations and other types of data different spatial reporting units Ref. Grid 1ha Unemployment 2001 (Eurostat) Population Grid 2001 (JRC) Weighted by Population OLAP CUBE Integration Integration CLC 2000 (EEA) Disaggregation Aggregation

System: Basic metabolism concept Physical exchanges between the urban system and the environment Source for Urban Metabolism concept: Minx et al., 2011

Determinants of urban metabolism

Basic structure of the proposed indicator system (4 types) Adapted from Alberti (1996) Extending the urban metabolism concept for environmental impacts

Towards an urban metabolism database

Example: Densities and GHG emissions City of Manchester

Quantifying urban metabolism Downscaling data to levels of higher spatial resolution Pragmatic, feasible indicator system –administrative delineations of cities as boundaries, –metabolic flows as main content –Additional information on urban drivers, patterns and quality Potential of a geo-demographic approach –higher spatial resolution –more variables (flows, patterns, lufestyles) –downscaling environmental information Urban metabolism as systemic backbone for IUME - Integrated Urban Monitoring for Europe

- Synthesis - Part A – Europe and the World Urbanisation and consumptionUrbanisation and consumption Part B – Thematic assessments Land useLand use Urban environmentUrban environment Part C – Country sketches

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The aim of IUME initiative Provide an overview about existing urban delineation in Europe and their context, Show the consequences of working with different delineations, and Develop methods and tools to overcome the difficulties and show ways for data integration

Future research needs Downscaling data to levels of higher spatial resolution allowing better links between urbanisation dynamics, sprawl and their environmental impacts in more detail. Availability of metabolic flow data for functional and morphological urban delineations, not only for administrative geographies. Potential of geo-demographics. A scoping of requirements for data with a higher spatial resolution across European institutions. Review of methods for downscaling information.