1 2.1 Know the effects of industrialization on living and working conditions, including the portrayal of working conditions and food safety in Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle. 2.7Analyze the similarities and differences between the ideologies of Social Darwinism and Social Gospel. 2.8 Examine the effect of political programs and activities of Populists. 2.9 Understand the effect of political programs and activities of the Progressives The Progressive Era

2 WHAT IS PROGRESSIVISM?  The belief that: THE GOVERNMENT, AS WELL AS INDIVIDUALS, SHOULD BE MORE ACTIVE IN SOLVING SOCIAL PROBLEMS  Most progressives were educated middle class. Social Darwinism is the belief that those who cannot be successful in society should die off. The government should not help the poor. How does this contrast with Social Darwinism?

3 PROBLEMS APPEARED RAPIDLY IN GROWING URBAN AREAS

4 INCREASED IMMIGRATION AND MASS MOVEMENT TO URBAN AREAS CREATED SERIOUS PROBLEMS city jobs attracted Americans from farms and small towns. Millions of immigrants settled in the new cities.

5 PROBLEMS IN THE NEW CITIES #1: TENEMENT SLUMS

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7 TENEMENTS WERE APARTMENT BUILDINGS WITH MANY SMALL ROOMS WHERE WHOLE FAMILIES WOULD LIVE, CROWDED TOGETHER WITHOUT ADEQUATE AIR, WATER OR SANITARY FACILITIES.

8 INSIDE A TENEMENT APARTMENT

9 “5 CENTS A SPOT” THE PRICE FOR A BED FOR THE NIGHT

10 WHERE THE POOR SLEPT

11 PROBLEMS IN THE NEW CITIES #2 DISEASE Poor sanitation, backed up sewers, crowded poorly ventilated apartments led to the rapid spread of disease.

12 Cholera Contracted from contaminated water Severe diarrhea causes shock from dehydration within hours Death can occur in less than 24 hours

13 Tuberculosis (TB) usually attacks the lungs lungs It spread from from coughs or sneezes. At the time, there was no cure and its victims often died.

14 The Poor would often die from the common flu

15 THE MUCKRAKERS Lincoln Steffens Ida Tarbell Upton Sinclair Jacob Riis Exposed corruption of businesses or government Wrote about poverty in urban life Against big business

16 UPTON SINCLAIR HIS BOOK, THE JUNGLE DESCRIBED THE FILTHY CONDITIONS IN THE MEAT PACKING INDUSTRY AND LED TO THE PASSAGE OF THE FEDERAL MEAT INSPECTION ACT OF 1906

17 IDA TARBELL Miss Tarbell, in her book, revealed after years of diligent research the illegal means used by John D. Rockefeller to monopolize the early oil industry.

18 CARTOON SHOWING THE “OCTOPUS” STANDARD OIL SEIZING THE NATION’S OIL BUSINESSES IDA TARBELL

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20 JACOB RIIS : DOCUMENTED POVERTY AND HOPELESSNESS Jacob Riis

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25 Populists Like the progressives of rural areas Farmers looking for reform to help with –Exploitation from railroads –low food prices

26 FRANK NORRIS Exposed the stranglehold railroads had over wheat and other farmers. Norris wanted government regulation of railroad corporations.

27 The Social Gospel Movement Provided a religious reason for people to reform society. Wanted government to: –Enforce public health –Enforce schooling –Abolish child labor –Regulate work hours

28 HULL- HOUSE JANE ADDAMS HULL-HOUSE: CHICAGO Begun by Jane Addams to improve the lives of poor families by providing services that were not provided by government like kindergarten and baths.

29 THEODORE ROOSEVELT (Teddy Roosevelt) A progressive president from Believed the president has a responsibility to help the poor "The welfare of each of us is dependent fundamentally upon the welfare of all of us."

30 TEDDY’S “SQUARE DEAL” What do you think he means by this quote? "If the cards do not come to any man... that is his affair. All I mean is that there shall be no crookedness in the dealing."

31 SQUARE DEAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS Railroad regulation (forced fair prices) PURE FOOD AND DRUG ACT and MEAT INSPECTION ACT SHERMAN ANTI-TRUST ACT

32 PURE FOOD AND DRUG ACT & MEAT INSPECTION ACT Food and drugs must be: -processed in sanitary conditions -properly labeled -not misleading -not poisonous “... for preventing the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated or misbranded or poisonous or deleterious foods, drugs, medicines, and liquors...” Mostly alcohol

33 THE SHERMAN ANTI-TRUST ACT AN ATTEMPT TO CONTROL THE POWER OF “TRUSTS” TRUSTS ARE BUSINESSES AGREEING TO WORK TOGETHER TO MONOPOLIZE AN INDUSTRY.

34 SHERMAN Act breaks up RAILROAD TRUST: THE NORTHERN SECURITIES COMPANY IN 1902, SHERMAN ACT WAS USED TO BREAK UP THE NORTHERN SECURITIES COMPANY AND PREVENT IT FROM CONSOLIDATING ALL THE RAILROADS IN THE NORTHWEST.

35 THE BUREAU OF CORPORATIONS ROOSEVELT ALSO CREATED “THE BUREAU OF CORPORATIONS” TO DETERMINE IF CORPORATIONS WERE ACTING IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST.

36 Teddy also helped U.S. business Tariff barriers –High tax placed on imports Open Door Policy –International trade agreement with other rich nations allowing equal access to trade with growing markets, especially china.

37 Summary