New Freedom Small enterprise, entrepreneurship, free trade: unregulated and unmonopolized markets Competition not social welfare programs Fragmentation of big business, not regulation Vigorous enforcement of anti-trust laws New Nationalism Continued consolidation of trusts and labor unions Growth of federal regulatory agencies Woman suffrage Social welfare reform: minimum wage laws and social insurance 1912 election – Do either of these competing approaches remind you of modern political parties?

TR presidency-Corporate Regulation Department of Commerce and Labor (1903) Bureau of Corporations Elkins Act (1903)- aimed at rebates Northern Securities decision (1904) Hepburn Act (1908) Restricted free passes that were used for bribery, expanded the ICC 1902 Prosecution of Northern Securities Trust TR Prosecuted 44

TR -labor 1902 Coal Strike Resolution/ TR Muller v. Oregon (1908)/ Louis Brandeis National Consumer's League Children's Bureau and Woman's Bureau

1908

Ballinger-Pinchot Affair

The Pinchot–Ballinger controversy, also known as the "Ballinger Affair", was a dispute between U.S. Forest Service Chief Gifford Pinchot and U.S. Secretary of the Interior Richard Achilles Ballinger that contributed to the split of the Republican Party before the 1912 Presidential Election and helped to define the U.S. conservation movement in the early 20th century

The Ballinger- Pinchot Affair helped to split the GOP and drive a rift between TR and Taft.

1912

William Howard Taft (R) Quiet Confidence Becomes the conservative representative

Teddy Roosevelt (P) New Nationalism Abandonment of laissez faire Federal Trade Commission Minimum wage Child labor ban Workers’ compensation Women’s suffrage Government mediation of labor disputes

Woodrow Wilson (D) New Freedom Against “Triple Wall of Privilege” –Banks –Tariff –Trusts

Wilson’s assault on the “triple wall of privilege” Tariffs Underwood-Simmons Tariff Bill Banks Federal Reserve Act (1913) Trusts Federal Trade Commission Act (1914) Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914)

1912 election Results 6.2 million for Wilson (less than majority) 4.1 million for Roosevelt 3.4 million for Taft 0.9 million for Debs Only time a 3 rd party candidate has come in second, a standing president come in 3rd

Wilson’s 1st Two Years Lowered tariff Federal Reserve Act Clayton Anti-Trust Act Progressives win big in midterm elections

Wilson Labor Keating-Owen Act Adamson Act Workers’ Compensation Act

Wilson n_68_Notes.htmhttp:// n_68_Notes.htm

Reform achievements – most significant/why?