Chapter 15 Lipids Susan, the geriatric nurse, explains to the patient that the lipid panel measures the total cholesterol in his blood. HDL, or high-density.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 15 Lipids Susan, the geriatric nurse, explains to the patient that the lipid panel measures the total cholesterol in his blood. HDL, or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, helps to clear plaque from the arteries, while LDL, or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, deposits plaque in the arteries.

Chapter 15 Readiness Core Chemistry Skills Writing Equations for Hydrogenation and Hydration (11.7) Naming Alcohols and Phenols (12.1) Naming Carboxylic Acids (14.1) Hydrolyzing Esters (14.4)

15.1 Lipids Lipids are biomolecules that contain fatty acids or a steroid nucleus soluble in organic solvents but not in water named for the Greek word lipos, which means “fat” an important feature in cell membranes, fat-soluble vitamins, and steroid hormones Steroid Nucleus Learning Goal Describe the classes of lipids.

Types of Lipids Lipids are characterized by their structures. 1. Lipids such as waxes, fats, oils, and phospholipids are esters that can be hydrolyzed to give fatty acids and other molecules. 2. Steroids, also lipids, do not contain fatty acids and cannot be hydrolyzed. They are characterized by the steroid nucleus of four fused carbon rings.

General Structure of Lipids Lipids are naturally occurring compounds that are soluble in organic solvents but not in water.

Study Check Lipids are characterized by the presence of fatty acids or a steroid nucleus. Which type is described by the following? A. contains a fused four-membered ring system B. contains long carbon chains C. includes carbonyl groups

Solution Lipids are characterized by the presence of fatty acids or a steroid nucleus. Which type is described by the following? A. contains a fused four-membered ring system steroid B. contains long carbon chains fatty acid C. includes carbonyl groups fatty acid

Study Check Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of lipids? A. may contain a carboxylic acid group B. may contain a four-ring structure C. soluble in water D. mostly nonpolar

Solution Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of lipids? A. may contain a carboxylic acid group B. may contain a four-ring structure C. soluble in water D. mostly nonpolar The answer is C. Lipids are nonpolar and therefore are NOT soluble in water.