GOES Instrument CONOPS Considerations Tim Walsh GOES-R Program With support from Tom Renkevens, Mike Madden, Monica Coakley, Tim Schmit, Brian Hughes and others 4th GOES-R Users’ Conference Broomfield, CO Tuesday, May 2, 2006

Topics Today’s Constellation Typical Scanning Scenarios Tasking Impacts Special Tasking ABI and HES Modes Trade Studies Points for Consideration Summary

Today’s GOES Constellation Deorbited 5/2/04 350km high GOES-9 Slow drift east GOES-12 75 deg W GOES-10 135 deg W GOES-11 ZAP Storage 105 deg W

Instrument Scan Scenarios Current Constellation Routine 3 hour sequence full disk scan, followed by five half-hour sequences that include extended northern hemi, CONUS, and southern hemi scans Full-Disk Full disks every half hour (with BB cals and stars) Rapid Scan Operations (RSO) Doubles CONUS coverage (to 4X per half hour) Drops Southern Hemi coverage Full disks every three hours for synoptic coverage Super Rapid Scan Operations (SRSO) is a subset of RSO that provides up to 1 min. scanning over specified areas (canned sectors or lat/lon)

GOES-East Imager Scanning 4:48 14:15 4:49 26:06

Typical Instrument Outages Current Constellation Daily Housekeeping up to four 10-minute periods, each separated by 6 hours Momentum unloading Image Motion Compensation (IMC) coefficient uploads Solar Array and Trim Tab daily repositioning On-Board Clock Reset Space Environment Monitoring calibration (weekly) Stationkeeping Maneuvers East-West - ~ every 3 months – 1.5 hour outage North-South – yearly – 2.5 hour outage Eclipse and Instrument Keep-Out-Zones (KOZ) See following example

Eclipse and KOZ Outages Current Constellation Seasonal outages for a 74 day period (Aug 12, 2005 to October 24, 2005) 27 hours outage due to keep out zones 94 hours outage due to eclipse Imaging Day 287 (October 14, 2005) 10 minute outage due to keep out zones (KOZ) 65 minute outage due to eclipse (ECL)

GOES East Schedule (October 14, 2005) 02:45:00 FULL DISK 26:06 03:31:30 CONTINENTAL US (CONUS) 4:48 03:39:10 SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE 4:49 03:45:00 NORTHERN HEMISPHERE-EXTENDED 14:15 04:01:30 CONTINENTAL US (CONUS) 4:48 04:09:10 SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE 4:49 04:15:00 NORTHERN HEMISPHERE-EXTENDED 14:15 04:31:30 CONTINENTAL US (CONUS) 4:48 04:39:10 SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE 4:49 04:45:00 NORTHERN HEMISPHERE-EXTENDED 14:15 05:01:30 CONTINENTAL US (CONUS) 4:48 05:09:10 LIMITED SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE 4:32 05:15:00 NORTHERN HEMISPHERE-EXTENDED 14:15 05:31:30 CONTINENTAL US (CONUS) 4:48 05:39:10 SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE 4:49 05:45:00 FULL DISK 26:06 06:15:00 NORTHERN HEMISPHERE-EXTENDED 14:15 ~10 min outage (KOZ) ~65 min outage (ECL)

Eclipse Outage Comparisons GOES-I/M Series No imaging during eclipse No imaging when solar intrusion angle less than 6 degrees 0 - 3 hour daily outage based on both eclipse and keep out zone GOES-NOP Series Imaging during eclipse Batteries sized to provide operation through maximum eclipse period (~72 minutes) Solar intrusion similar to GOES-I/M (similar instruments) 0 - 2 hour daily outage based only on keep out zones GOES-R Series 0 - 1 hour daily outage based only on Keep Out Zones Smaller solar intrusion angle than GOES-I/M imager

Eclipse/KOZ Imager Outages Current Constellation

GOES Rapid Scan Operations Tasking Rapid, Super-Rapid or other special Imaging Requests Satellite Analysis Branch (NESDIS/OSDPD) Satellite Operations Control Center (NESDIS/OSO) Maneuvers, eclipses and other periodic events; Spacecraft, instrument or GS anomalies Routine event or emergency cancellation notifications CIRA (research community requests) USAF 45th Weather Squadron Rapid, Super-Rapid or other special imaging requests, extensions and cancellations Tropical Prediction Center (TPC) Hydrometeorological Prediction Center (HPC) Storm Prediction Center (SPC) Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC) Spaceflight Meteorology Group (SMG) NWS Forecast Offices (via Regional Offices) National Center for Environmental Prediction (NWS/NCEP)

Satellite Analysis Branch RSO Request Flow Chart NWS Meteorologists Monitor Weather OSDPD ESPC Calls OSO SOCC Shift Supervisor SDM Calls NESDIS Satellite Analysis Branch Do weather conditions warrant RSO or SRSO? no Does SAB Approve? Does SOCC Shift Supervisor Approve? no no yes yes Call NWS Senior Duty Meteorologist yes Inform Requestor of Denial and Reason SAB Calls OSDPD ESPC Shift Supervisor Execute RSO SDM Calls Key Users* OSO SOCC Calls OSDPD ESPC Shift Supervisor Does OSDPD ESPC Shift Supervisor Approve? Do key users approve schedule change? yes yes no ESPC Calls SAB and informs users SAB Calls SDM no OSO Calls ESPC Shift Supervisor SAB Calls SDM ESPC Calls SAB SDM informs NWS via admin bulletin

GOES Evolution Notes: IR Resolution: I-N 8km WV

ABI Scan Modes Scan mode 3 has interwoven observations that accomplish A mesoscale (located anywhere in the full disk) every 30 second A 5000 km x 3000 km CONUS every 5 minutes A full disk observation every 15 minutes (due to the interruptions) Scan mode 4 has uninterrupted observation of the Full Disk A Full Disk in 5 minutes

Current GOES scans 5 times slower than the ABI There are two anticipated scan modes for the ABI: - FD images every 15 minutes + CONUS images every 5 minutes + mesoscale - FD every 5 minutes.

Hyperspectral Environmental Suite (HES)Tasks HES -Disk Sounding (HES-DS) 62 degree LZA/hour coverage rate at 10 km spatial resolution HES -Severe Weather / Mesoscale (HES-SW/M) 1000 km x 1000 km / 4.4 minutes coverage rate at 4 km spatial resolution HES -Coastal Waters (HES-CW) US Exclusive Economic Zone coverage (400 km wide) by length of US coastline (~ 6000 km) in 3 hours at 375 m spatial resolution

ABI and HES Considerations Coverage rates of the instruments can be exploited for optimal observations ABI provides a faster coverage rate at lower spectral resolution than the HES ABI measurements can be exploited to benefit slower HES scan rates Cloud cover masks can help direct the HES to regions of clear air for all HES tasks Finer spatial resolution of the ABI IR bands and of the reflected solar bands can assist in HES determination of surface emissivity, and surface temperature (land and sea surface T). HES-CW task coverage rate is slower than that of the sounding tasks HES–CW task has finer spatial resolution than the ABI which may help in storm observations and in storm track assessment

GOES-R Tasking Trade Studies Trade studies are currently underway that may impact instrument tasking: “Perform a trade study to utilize spacecraft and instrument data to perform “smart tasking” of on-board science payloads. Investigate the integration of sensor fusion and “tip off” techniques to dynamically task the ABI, HES and/or other instruments.” “Identify and assess techniques which eliminate or greatly reduce the time that the level-1b data products are out of specification as the result of spacecraft maneuvers. Spacecraft maneuvers include: momentum management, yaw flip and stationkeeping. Describe advanced concepts that may be used to increase operational availability.” From: “NOAA GOES-R Solicitation No.: DG133E-05-RP-1034, Contract Data Requirements List (CDRL), March 22, 2005”

Questions for Consideration How will RSO tasking requirements change given the vastly improved temporal resolution of ABI? Will the sort of dynamic tasking used today really even be necessary given the frequency of an ABI mode-3 scenario? How does the system utilize science or engineering data to maximize effective science data recovery? Inter- or intra-platform data utilization What process should be used in determining the observational priorities for the instruments, particularly ABI and HES? How much automation is acceptable to the operational NOAA organizations (NWS, OSDPD and OSO) and to the users?

Summary GOES-I/M and GOES-NOP series schedules are optimized to their instruments capabilities Real-time task changes, such as RSO, required intensive collaboration between NWS, OSDPD and OSO GOES-NOP series will benefit from eclipse imaging capability and reduced HK outages Instrument tasking will remain essentially unchanged The GOES-R system will benefit from enhanced instrument performance and increased operational “up-time” This stage in the GOES-R developmental process is an excellent time to field your questions, comments and feedback

Links to Additional Information NOAA GOES-R Page – Links to CONOPS, GPRD, MRD https://osd.goes.noaa.gov/ NOAA/NESDIS OSD Page http://www.osd.noaa.gov/ NOAA Scheduling Information http://www.ssd.noaa.gov http://www.oso.noaa.gov/goes/goes‑scheduling.htm Instrument Research at CIMSS http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/abi/ http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/hes/ ABI Documentation from NASA: http://goespoes.gsfc.nasa.gov/abihome.htm