The thirteen colonies were established by what European country?

Between 1750 and 1775 a series of events took place that lead the colonies to rebel against England and fight a war for independence. We will explore these events and the political ideas connected to them throughout this unit.

The French and Indian War Causes of the War

According to these two maps, what changes took place between 1700 and 1763 in North America?

Ohio River Valley

The Ohio Valley is a region about 1,000 miles wide along the Ohio River from the Appalachian Mountains to the Mississippi River. Native Americans had lived in this region for a very long time. In the 1750s from 3,000 to 4,000 Native Americans were living in the valley. Both the French and the British claimed this region. The French claimed the region because it was an important link between French land in Canada and Louisiana and was valuable for the fur trade. The British claimed the region because it offered an area for growth and trade. CONFLICT in the OHIO RIVER VALLEY

- The French began to make moves to strengthen their claim in the Ohio River Valley. - The sent in soldiers and built military forts to drive out British settlers. - How do you think the British reacted to these moves? CONFLICT in the OHIO RIVER VALLEY

- George Washington was sent to the Ohio River Valley by the Governor of Virginia to deliver a letter to the French. - The letter demanded that the French leave the Ohio River Valley. - How do you think the French reacted?

- The French refused to leave, so the governor of Virginia had a fort built. “Drive from the Ohio River any European foreigners, and do it in a way that will make them lose all taste for trying to return” - French government to officials in New France - After the fort was complete, the French attacked. - Thus the French and Indian War began.

Why is it called the French and Indian War not the French and British War?

- many Native Americans allied themselves with the French during the war. - two important groups helping the French were the Algonquin and the Huron NATIVE AMERICANS CHOOSE SIDES

Why would most Native American groups side with the French over the British? NATIVE AMERICANS CHOOSE SIDES

- Native Americans felt that the French were less of a threat than the British. - The French were mainly traders and respected Native American’s way of life and even intermarried. - The British were mostly farmers who took over Native American hunting grounds and were less respectful to Native Americans. NATIVE AMERICANS CHOOSE SIDES

- The British also wanted Native American allies. - Colonial leaders met with the Iroquois. - The groups met in Albany, New York in the summer of This group became known as the Albany Congress. NATIVE AMERICANS CHOOSE SIDES

 - In June and July of 1754 leaders from seven colonies met with Iroquois leaders in Albany, New York. - The Iroquois reluctantly agreed to be allies of the British and fight the French. NATIVE AMERICANS CHOOSE SIDES

- However, Ben Franklin believed it was necessary for the colonies to be united to defeat the French. - Franklin presented a plan for unity which he called the Albany Plan of Union. His plan united all of the colonies under one government. THE ALBANY PLAN OF UNION

-To get support for his plan, Franklin published this cartoon.

OPTIC Overview: What’s going on in the cartoon? What do you see? Parts: zero in on all the parts of the cartoon. What familiar objects do you see? Title: What is the title of the cartoon? What do you think it means? Interrelationships: How does the title relate to parts of the cartoon? What relationship can you identify between the title and the objects you see in the cartoon? Conclusion: Draw a conclusion about the cartoon as a whole. What does the cartoon mean? Summarize the message of the cartoon in 1-2 sentences.

Franklin believed that the colonies had to unite together under one government in order to survive the French and Indian War. The colonies need to either “join” together or they would be defeated (“die”) by the French. The letters represent the abbreviations of each colony. “Join or Die” THE ALBANY PLAN OF UNION

Please copy down the following UNIT TWO CORE CONCEPTS: Many groups of people have competed for territory and resources of the North American continent, influencing the development of American society. Rebellions, revolutions, protests, and reform movements throughout American history have attempted to change what participants believed was undemocratic about society. Throughout American history different groups of people at different times have struggled for their individual rights.

- The colonies did not want to give up any of its power to a central council. - The plan for unity and failed to come together during the French and Indian War. THE ALBANY PLAN OF UNION

- The French won many battles the first two years of the war. - In 1757 the British Parliament began sending their best generals to the colonies to lead the fight. - The British began winning battles and they captured French headquarters: Quebec and Montreal. - The French then surrendered. FIGHTING the FRENCH and INDIAN WAR

Although the fighting stopped around 1760 in North American, fighting continued in Europe. In 1762 the Spanish joined the French hoping to beat their common enemy the british The powerful British navy defeated Spain To compensate for Spanish losses the French gave Spain most of Louisiana and part of what is now Florida. In 1763, the French and British met in Paris to make a peace treaty FIGHTING the FRENCH and INDIAN WAR

What happened? Who was involved? When did it happen? How and why did it happened? The French and Indian War

What happened? War broke out between the British and the French. Native American groups allied themselves with the French. The British won the war. Who was involved? - Native American groups that joined the French - George Washington was an officer during the war for the British. - Ben Franklin tried to unite the colonies under one government. - French troops and British troops When did it happen? The war began in 1754 and lasted until The French and British met in Paris to sign a peace treaty. How and why did it happened? The conflict began over the Ohio River Valley, which both the French and British claimed. The French began to build forts in the area. The French and Indian War