THE LAND AND EARLY PEOPLE CHP 3

Bering Land Bridge Bering Strait – A land bridge once connected Asia and the America’s Many people and animals crossed that land bridge Many people and animals crossed that land bridge

Time line Draw time line p.73 Draw time line p.73 10,000BC AD 10,000BC AD

Terms Archaeologist – A scientist that digs into the earth to find artifacts about ancient civilizations Archaeologist – A scientist that digs into the earth to find artifacts about ancient civilizations Artifacts – any type of traces or remains of once living things ex. Pottery, fossils, weapons Artifacts – any type of traces or remains of once living things ex. Pottery, fossils, weapons

Anthropologists – A scientist that studies artifacts, cave drawings, etc. to learn more about the culture of people Anthropologists – A scientist that studies artifacts, cave drawings, etc. to learn more about the culture of people Shale – Sedimentary rock( fossils are commonly found in this) Shale – Sedimentary rock( fossils are commonly found in this) Culture – describes the beliefs, traditions, music, art, of people that share those common experiences Culture – describes the beliefs, traditions, music, art, of people that share those common experiences

Paleo Indians Paleo (Greek term meaning very old) Paleo (Greek term meaning very old) Stone Age - their tools and weapons were made of stone Stone Age - their tools and weapons were made of stone Atlatl – allowed the hunter to launch their weapons without getting so close Atlatl – allowed the hunter to launch their weapons without getting so close Nomadic – roamed the land, lived in groups of Nomadic – roamed the land, lived in groups of Found along the Savannah River area, Ocmulgee River area and Flint River at Albany Found along the Savannah River area, Ocmulgee River area and Flint River at Albany

Paleo Native Mastodon Mammoth

Archaic Indians Divided into 3 periods Divided into 3 periods Early Archaic Early Archaic Middle Archaic Middle Archaic Late Archaic Late Archaic

Early Archaic Hunted large animals until they became extinct Hunted large animals until they became extinct Began hunting smaller animals (deer, bear, rabbit) – Hunters made their spears and points smaller Began hunting smaller animals (deer, bear, rabbit) – Hunters made their spears and points smaller Invented items such as choppers, drills, and chipping tools Invented items such as choppers, drills, and chipping tools Moved with the seasons to find food Moved with the seasons to find food

Middle Archaic 5,000BC – the area’s weather became warm and dry, water levels decreased 5,000BC – the area’s weather became warm and dry, water levels decreased Indians did not move as much, caught and ate mussels and clams Indians did not move as much, caught and ate mussels and clams

Late Archaic 4,000 – 1,000BC 4,000 – 1,000BC Common artifact – grooved axe Common artifact – grooved axe Saved seeds to plant for the next growing season Saved seeds to plant for the next growing season Water levels increased producing larger amounts of shellfish Water levels increased producing larger amounts of shellfish Used pottery for cooking, storing, and serving food Used pottery for cooking, storing, and serving food

Woodland Indians 1,000BC – 1,000AD 1,000BC – 1,000AD Formed tribes, built houses forming villages (weaving sticks together to make walls) Formed tribes, built houses forming villages (weaving sticks together to make walls) Bow and arrow hunting Bow and arrow hunting Used clay to make pottery last longer Used clay to make pottery last longer Introduced religious ceremonies building cone-shaped burial mounds Introduced religious ceremonies building cone-shaped burial mounds

Woodland Natives

Mississippian Indians 700 AD Highest prehistoric group 700 AD Highest prehistoric group Temple Mound Period – lived in villages, farmed, very religious Temple Mound Period – lived in villages, farmed, very religious Food included maize (corn), beans, pumpkins, and squash Food included maize (corn), beans, pumpkins, and squash Wore beads, painted or tattooed their bodies, fences protected their villages Wore beads, painted or tattooed their bodies, fences protected their villages About 1600AD disappeared About 1600AD disappeared

Mississippian Natives Etowah Indian Mounds

Archaeological Finds Georgia has 3 separate mounds Georgia has 3 separate mounds Etowah Mounds – pyramid shaped burial, jewelry, headdress Etowah Mounds – pyramid shaped burial, jewelry, headdress Kolomoki Mounds – 300 acre burial area Kolomoki Mounds – 300 acre burial area Ocmulgee Mound – ceremonial lodge Ocmulgee Mound – ceremonial lodge

Mounds in Georgia Ocmulgee Mound Kolomoki Mounds