The French and Indian War Chapter 5 Section 1 Chapter 5 Section 1

European Rivals in North America  In the mid 1700’s, the world’s super powers found themselves in competition over trade and the colonies were in the middle.  Where did the colonies biggest threat come from?  They claimed land from St. Lawrence River west to the Great Lakes south to the Gulf of Mexico.  In the mid 1700’s, the world’s super powers found themselves in competition over trade and the colonies were in the middle.  Where did the colonies biggest threat come from?  They claimed land from St. Lawrence River west to the Great Lakes south to the Gulf of Mexico.

European Rivals in North America  What did the French do in order to protect their lands? What did this prevent the colonies from doing?  At first the English colonists were happy with living along the Atlantic coast.  However, by 1740s traders were crossing the Appalachian Mountains in search of furs.  What did the French do in order to protect their lands? What did this prevent the colonies from doing?  At first the English colonists were happy with living along the Atlantic coast.  However, by 1740s traders were crossing the Appalachian Mountains in search of furs.

European Rivals in North America  The English colonist began to try to take over the trade the French had with the Indians. France of course did not want this to happen.  To the French the Ohio River was crucial because it provided a vital link between their lands and Canada and other colonies along the Mississippi.  The English colonist began to try to take over the trade the French had with the Indians. France of course did not want this to happen.  To the French the Ohio River was crucial because it provided a vital link between their lands and Canada and other colonies along the Mississippi.

European Rivals in North America  The Native Americans on the other hand had lived on the lands for centuries and did not want to give up their lands to the French nor the English.  Many Indians thought that the only way to protect their way of life was to take a side (French or English).  The Native Americans on the other hand had lived on the lands for centuries and did not want to give up their lands to the French nor the English.  Many Indians thought that the only way to protect their way of life was to take a side (French or English).

European Rivals in North America  The French were mostly trappers and traders and did not destroy Indian hunting grounds. In addition, many times the French took on Indian wives and adopted Indian ways. Because of this the Indians and the French had good relations.  For example, with such tribes as the Algonquins and the Hurons.  The French were mostly trappers and traders and did not destroy Indian hunting grounds. In addition, many times the French took on Indian wives and adopted Indian ways. Because of this the Indians and the French had good relations.  For example, with such tribes as the Algonquins and the Hurons.

European Rivals in North America  On the other hand, many English settlers were farmers who many times did not respect Indian rights by clearing their lands for crops.  The British convinced the very powerful Iroquois to side with them because they were old enemies with the Algonquin and the Huron tribes.  Who was the English official that convinced the Iroquios?  On the other hand, many English settlers were farmers who many times did not respect Indian rights by clearing their lands for crops.  The British convinced the very powerful Iroquois to side with them because they were old enemies with the Algonquin and the Huron tribes.  Who was the English official that convinced the Iroquios?

European Rivals in North America  Why did the Iroquios respect William Johnson?  Who was his wife?  What else did the English do to win over Native alliances?  Why did the Iroquios respect William Johnson?  Who was his wife?  What else did the English do to win over Native alliances?

The French and Indian War  Three times between 1689 and 1748 the French and British fought for power in Europe and in North America.  In 1754, the fourth war began and it was this war that was called the French and Indian War because it pitted them against France and its Native American allies.  Three times between 1689 and 1748 the French and British fought for power in Europe and in North America.  In 1754, the fourth war began and it was this war that was called the French and Indian War because it pitted them against France and its Native American allies.

The French and Indian War  Who had the opening shots?  How old was he?  He had grown up on a plantation in Virginia, the son of a wealthy parents. He was great at mathematics and was a land surveyor by the age of 15.  What did the Virginian governor send him to do?  Who had the opening shots?  How old was he?  He had grown up on a plantation in Virginia, the son of a wealthy parents. He was great at mathematics and was a land surveyor by the age of 15.  What did the Virginian governor send him to do?

The French and Indian War  Washington lead 150 men into the Ohio country in April Along his way he heard that the French had just completed Fort Duquesne at the same spot Washington hoped to build his fort.  Determined to follow orders Washington launched a surprise attack on the French with information given to him by Indians.  Washington lead 150 men into the Ohio country in April Along his way he heard that the French had just completed Fort Duquesne at the same spot Washington hoped to build his fort.  Determined to follow orders Washington launched a surprise attack on the French with information given to him by Indians.

The French and Indian War  Quickly Washington set up a small fort called Fort Necessity.  How many French and Indians surrounded the fort?  Did Washington surrender?  Quickly Washington set up a small fort called Fort Necessity.  How many French and Indians surrounded the fort?  Did Washington surrender?

The Albany Congress  While Washington was protecting Fort Necessity delegates from the colonies gathered in Albany, New York in order to cement the alliance with the Iroquios and to unite colonial defenses.  Who and what did one of the delegates propose? What was the plan and what did it call for? What would the council do?  While Washington was protecting Fort Necessity delegates from the colonies gathered in Albany, New York in order to cement the alliance with the Iroquios and to unite colonial defenses.  Who and what did one of the delegates propose? What was the plan and what did it call for? What would the council do?

The Albany Congress  The delegates voted to accept the Plan of Union.  What happened at the assembly?  Why did this happen?  The delegates voted to accept the Plan of Union.  What happened at the assembly?  Why did this happen?

A String of British Defeats  In 1755, General Edward Braddock led British and colonial troops in an attack against French Fort Duquesne.  On his way to the fort Braddock and his men were noisy and slow. Washington and Indians warned them of the danger but Braddock did not listen.  On his approach on the fort the French and the Indians used a surprise attack on Braddock and his men.  In 1755, General Edward Braddock led British and colonial troops in an attack against French Fort Duquesne.  On his way to the fort Braddock and his men were noisy and slow. Washington and Indians warned them of the danger but Braddock did not listen.  On his approach on the fort the French and the Indians used a surprise attack on Braddock and his men.

A String of British Defeats  Making matters worse the English bright red uniforms were easily visible by the French sharpshooters.  Before Braddock was shot and killed he had five different horses get shot and killed from under him.  Half of the British were killed or wounded. Washington nearly lost his life as well.  Making matters worse the English bright red uniforms were easily visible by the French sharpshooters.  Before Braddock was shot and killed he had five different horses get shot and killed from under him.  Half of the British were killed or wounded. Washington nearly lost his life as well.

A String of British Defeats  For the next two years the war continued on and badly for the British.  The French won Fort Oswego and Fort William Henry.  The Indians who were allies with the British felt huge strains with every defeat.  For the next two years the war continued on and badly for the British.  The French won Fort Oswego and Fort William Henry.  The Indians who were allies with the British felt huge strains with every defeat.

The Tide of Battle Turns  In 1757, William Pitt because the new head of the British government.  Pitt made it his first job to defeat the French so he sent his best generals.  What did he do to encourage colonist support?  Did the British start to win under his command?  In 1758, who captured Louisbourg? What other fort did the British seize? What did they rename it?  In 1757, William Pitt because the new head of the British government.  Pitt made it his first job to defeat the French so he sent his best generals.  What did he do to encourage colonist support?  Did the British start to win under his command?  In 1758, who captured Louisbourg? What other fort did the British seize? What did they rename it?

The Fall of New France  What happened in 1759? Who did Pitt send to take over Quebec the capital of New France?  What did Quebec provide the French with?  The city was on the edge of what?  Who was ready to protect Quebec?  What happened in 1759? Who did Pitt send to take over Quebec the capital of New France?  What did Quebec provide the French with?  The city was on the edge of what?  Who was ready to protect Quebec?

The Fall of New France  What did Wolfe plan to do in order to defeat Montcalm? (Read last paragraph on pg )  By the end of the battle Montcalm and Wolfe lay dead. On September 18, 1759, Quebec surrendered to the British.  What did Wolfe plan to do in order to defeat Montcalm? (Read last paragraph on pg )  By the end of the battle Montcalm and Wolfe lay dead. On September 18, 1759, Quebec surrendered to the British.

The Fall of New France  Although Quebec had been conquered fighting continued in Europe for several years.  In 1763, Britain and France signed the Treaty of Paris which brought an end to the conflict.  The treat marked the end of what?  Although Quebec had been conquered fighting continued in Europe for several years.  In 1763, Britain and France signed the Treaty of Paris which brought an end to the conflict.  The treat marked the end of what?

The Fall of New France  The treaty called for Britain to gain Canada and all the French lands east of the Mississippi River except New Orleans.  France kept two islands off the St. Lawrence River and other islands in the West Indies.  Who entered the war on the French’s side?  The treaty called for Britain to gain Canada and all the French lands east of the Mississippi River except New Orleans.  France kept two islands off the St. Lawrence River and other islands in the West Indies.  Who entered the war on the French’s side?

The Fall of New France  Spain gave up Florida to the British. Spain however received al French lands west of the Mississippi. In addition, Spain gained the vital port city of New Orleans. Spain also remained in control of Central and South America.