Chapter 2 Sections 1 & 2 Other Notes

Limited Government & Representative Government These ideals stretch as far back as Ancient Greece and Rome We were strongly influenced by them due to our English Heritage These ideals helped shape colonial governments and later were used in creating our own American government

Limited Government in England Before 1200 there were not that many limits on how a ruler governed Kings and Queens could raise taxes, take property, and punish all living in their kingdom at their whim In 1215 English nobles forced King John to sign the Magna Carta –Established Rule of Law: government leaders must follow certain rules Can’t tax without consent of nobles All have the right to a fair trial by their peers

Representative Government in England Government that represents the interest of the people Kings and Queens began to be advised by nobles and religious leaders This evolved into a bicameral legislature –2 houses: Nobles – upper house, House of Lords Local reps and lesser officials – lower house, House of Commons

Colonial Governments First permanent settlement in 1607 Jamestown, Virginia Showed influence of Greece, Rome, England, and their religious beliefs Many colonies were established with Charters –An agreement were the King gave settlers permission to colonize a specific area. –Charters gave settlers certain basic English rights Many gave settlers more rights than those in England to encourage settlement

Types of Colonial Governments Royal : belonging to the crown Proprietary: granted to an individual or group of people with royal authority Corporate: founded for profit without authorization of the king All colonies had governors, some appointed, some elected Most colonies had a council and assembly to advise the governor and limit his power

Relationship between England and the Colonies Late 1600s – early 1700s England prized her colonies mainly for 2 reasons –Suppliers of food and raw materials –Bought English goods

Relationship between England and the Colonies Colonists were generally loyal and England got what they wanted so they left them alone Salutary Neglect

England preoccupied with civil war ( ) England benefits economically by leaving colonies alone ( no fear of boycott – agreement to stop buying goods or using a service) England lacks resources to keep tight leash on colonies and keep itself secure

Result of Salutary Neglect Colonies develop their own governmental, social, and economic structures Colonies are very diverse, little to no unity

Early Attempts at Colonial Unity New England Confederation 1643 –Organized to help Colonist deal with defense, all had to agree to any action – threats diminished and confederation disbanded Albany Plan of Union 1754 –Council of colonial delegates ( someone who officially represents the interests of other people or a government), set up to deal plan with issues from French and Indian War Levy taxes and raise an army –Great Britain rejected idea and it never went into effect

England gets more involved and the colonists aren’t happy 1650s theory of mercantilism spreads –Get and hold as much gold and silver as possible –Need to export more goods than are imported to make $$$$ –Gain colonies where you can get raw materials and sell goods Don’t allow colonies to sell products to other countries or to manufacture goods ( forces them to deal only with you)

Tighter control over the colonies ? Theory appeals to English and they begin to enact laws to reflect the new theory –Example: Navigation Act Required colonies to sell certain goods only to England If they wanted to sell anything to people in other parts of the world they had to take the crop to England, pay a tax, and use English ships to transport the goods

The good news is… These acts were not strictly enforced and the colonies were allowed to continue to govern themselves (Late 1600s to mid 1700s)

The event that sparks a change French and Indian War –Causes the colonists to increasingly see themselves as different from their English rulers –Colonists constantly reminded that they were not ‘really British’ by the troop stationed there –Colonists felt they should be treated like full fledged British citizens –British try to get colonist to pay war debt and cost of future protection, colonists not having it Colonists cried ‘tyranny’ – absolute rule by a gov’t that ignores the right and welfare of the people

Events to research 1. Proclamation Sugar Act 3. Stamp Act 4. Quartering Act 5. Declaratory Act 6. Townshend Duties 7. Boston Massacre 8. Committee of Correspondence 9. Tea Act / Boston Tea Party 10.Intolerable/ Coercive Acts 11. First Continental Congress

What to include on poster (20 points) Name of Event Date of Event A Brief description of the event –Who, what, where, why this event took place –How this event was a step towards revolution

French and Indian War Who: England and the American colonies, against the French and some of the Native Americans in North America. What : The French and Indian War was a continuation of a series of wars that had taken place between the French and British in North America. The French controlled the Mississippi River and claimed the Ohio River Valley as well. It ended with the Treaty of Paris, giving the British all land West of the Mississippi while retaining certain islands in the Caribbean. Why: Both sides were vying for land and power in North America Where: North America and the Caribbean How this event was a step towards the revolution: Great Britain sought to regain this money by taxing the colonists, which lead to unrest.