Based on Part 3 of Text: Organization

Extemporaneous Speaking Making Effective Presentations Making Effective Presentations

Reviewing Chapter 5 Making Effective Presentations

Reminder from the chapter At one university, a group of public speaking instructors survey their students informally at the end of each term, asking what advice they would pass on to the next group of students. Consistently the students’ response is “start early.” They all regret underestimating the time necessary to prepare a good-quality speech.

• A few valuable project management tools: • When professionals plan a major project—whether it is organizing an event, designing a public relations campaign, or tooling up to manufacture a new product— they use a number of structured time management techniques. • A few valuable project management tools: The Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and Gantt charts, are discussed in Chapter 5. • Think about and apply what this chapter tells you: Don’t underestimate the time needed to research, compose, practice, and deliver a speech. • A general rule of thumb is to plan to spend approximately one hour of preparation time for each minute of a speech.

Reviewing Chapter 6 Topic Selection

• What Unusual Experiences Have You Had? • What Special Knowledge or Expertise Do You Have? • What Strong Opinions and Beliefs Do You Hold? • What Would You Like to Know More About? • How Are You Uniquely Prepared to Assist Your Audience? • Think deeper about your topic: Select a Topic That Is Timely and Timeless • Don’t pick a topic just because it seems easy to do – and don’t pick one you can’t find information on and synthesize

Basic Elements of a Speech Introduction Central Idea (Thesis Statement) Body Main points Sub points Conclusion

Organizing the Body Identify Main Points and Sub-points Choose the Best Organizational Pattern Chronological -- Spatial Topical Cause-effect Problem-solution Motivated Sequence *(motivational) Like a sales pitch -- sequence of ideas which, by following the normal process of human thinking, motivates the audience to respond to the speaker’s purpose

Motivated Sequence Attention step Need step Satisfaction step Visualization step Action step (persuasive)

IT'S THE MOST ECONOMICAL SERVICE Build A “Logic Tree” MERCURY IS THE BEST SERVICE TO DELIVER HIGH PRIORITY PACKAGES OVERNIGHT IT'S THE MOST RELIABLE SERVICE. CONVENIENT SERVICE. IT'S THE MOST ECONOMICAL SERVICE IT HAS A 98 PERCENT TROUBLE-FREE RECORD. IT RECEIVED THE HIGHEST RATING FROM CUSTOMERS LAST YEAR. THEY PICK UP AND DELIVER TO INDIVIDUAL OFFICES, NOT JUST THE MAILROOM. THEY PICK UP AND DELIVER THROUGHOUT THE DAY MERCURY'S RATES ARE LOWEST OVERALL. MERCURY DOESN'T CHARGE EXTRA FOR LARGE OR ODDLY SHAPED PACKAGES.

Rules for Main Points Main points should be stated as claims, declarative sentences All points should support the thesis A presentation should contain no more than five main points (us, usually 3) Each main point should contain only one idea No complex sentences Main points should be parallel in structure whenever possible

Our book says… Assemble all promising information Use a variety of tools to identify potential points Main points must correspond with the thesis Use main points that are mutually exclusive Include 2-5 main points Express points to reflect relationships

Common Organizational Problems Taking Too Long to Get to the Point Including Irrelevant Material Leaving Out Necessary Information Getting Ideas Mixed up Unclear or missing transitions Adding info in speech that’s not in the outline

Functions of the Introduction (attention focusing material) Capture the Listeners’ Attention Give Your Audience a Reason to Listen Set the Proper Tone for the Topic and Setting Establish Your Qualifications Introduce Your Thesis and Preview Your Presentation

Types of Opening Statements (attention-focusing ideas) Ask a Question or Rhetorical Question Tell a Story Present a Quotation Make a Startling Statement Refer to the Audience Refer to the Occasion Use Humor

Orientating Material Historical Background Define Terms Personal History or Tie to Topic Still keep Intro short -- don’t get into speech body content

Our book says Project confidence before starting Engage the audience immediately Provide a psychological orientation Provide a logical orientation Create a compact introduction

Planning the Conclusion Functions of the Conclusion The Review The Closing Statement Types of Closing Statements Return to the Theme of Your Opening Statement Appeal for Action (inform vs. persuade) End With a Challenge Clincher connects to open -- pulls together thesis

More Conclusion Humorous Story Rhetorical Question Unusual or Dramatic Device Quotations Summary In conclusion…& close! Again -- short part of speech DON’T ASK FOR QUESTIONS

Our book says… Provide logical closure Provide psychological closure End your speech with a clincher

Adding Transitions (aka ‘connectives’) Functions of Transitions They Promote Clarity They Emphasize Important Ideas They Keep Listeners’ Interested They are the road map* to your main ideas and supporting evidence *trip to Houston

Our book says… Select connectives that reflect logical relationships Involves which organizational pattern ‘first of all’ / “second…” Use internal previews and summaries Internal preview: forecasting Summary: recapping

Major Speeches... Plan for 10 minute speech Practice, record, evaluate -- realistic setting Rough draft work in class; final draft speech outline and note card(s) – see course outline – hard copies must be stapled & note card secured Minimum 2 prepared visual aids in each – due day before speech to rtv_news@yahoo.com (see course outline) Visual / presentation aids (later pages) Sources and citations – References (citations) required: increased need and use over next two speeches

Critique Speeches Speaker 1 Speaker 2 Previous: student work Here: ‘professionals’

One More Prep Issue… Thinking ahead to visual aids 2 different types required in Major Speeches Use them to enhance understanding Talk to the audience, not the visual aid Cite source for any that you do not make

Significant growth from dial-up to broadband

How aware of ‘mobile Internet’ is the average person? Car makers seem to be inclined to make Internet - capable radios available in cars, more so than their interest in HD Radios Remember 1970s and addition of FM receivers in cars?

Wi-Fi Radio Plans Auto makers putting Internet radio tuners in cars Home wi-fi radio

Making Money: The SoundExchange Problem NAB - SoundExchange Settlement 2006 - $.0008 2007 - $.0011 2008 - $.0014 2009 - $.0015 2010 - $.0016 2011 - $.0017 2012 - $.0020 2013 - $.0022 2014 - $.0023 2015 - $.0025

The SoundExchange Problem Assuming 12 songs an hour times the aggregate tuning hours from previous months plus a growth rate. KNDE example last month: 18,859 aggregate tuning hours 18,859*12*$0.0015=$339.46 for the SoundExchange fee

### If time – samples for spacing