Created by Mrs. Herman Sept. 2012
Cell Theory All living things are made of one or more cells The cell is the smallest unit of life All new cells come from preexisting cells
Plant Cells Animal Cells
The Parts (Organelles) of the Cell
Organelle: Cell Membrane A flexible covering that protects the inside of the cell from the surrounding environment. These are found in BOTH plant and animal cells.
Organelle: Cell Wall Only in plant cells A stiff structure outside the cell membrane Adds support to the cell and helps the plant keep its shape.
Organelle: Cytoplasm A fluid inside a cell that contains salts and other molecules.
What is a mitochondria? The power plant of the cell. They break down food molecules so that the cell has energy to live. What are chloroplasts? Only in plants, they use light to make food (glucose) from water (H ₂ O) and carbon dioxide(CO ₂) during photosynthesis.
What are Vacuoles? Bubbles that float in the cell that store food, water and waste materials.
What is DNA? Directs cell activities and contains the DNA. Organelle: Nucleus DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is an organism’s genetic material.
Cells come in many shapes
DNA and Chromosomes DNA is in the nucleus of every living thing. A Chromosome is coiled DNA. Humans have 46 chromosomes.
Chromosomes in living things Black Mulberry Plants308 Agrodiaetus Agrodiaetus butterfly Animals268
Cell Cycle Cells are damaged, lost or die all the time. New cells must be created to replace them. Cells make complete copies of themselves including an exact copy of their DNA. The steps that cells go through are called the Cell Cycle and each step is a phase.
New daughter cell
Interphase This is the normal state of a cell or the resting state.
What is Mitosis? A cell and its nucleus divide and produce two identical cells. This process is important for growth, to repair or replace damaged tissue. The two daughter cells have the same genetic information (DNA) as the original cell.
The phases of mitosis
Sexual Reproduction Sexual reproduction is when chromosomes from two different cells combine, producing offspring. eggsperm zygote
What is Meiosis Meiosis is the type of cell division by which gametes (eggs or sperm) are formed. Two divisions result in 4 different daughter cells that have half of the total number of chromosomes (23). When an egg and sperm combine during fertilization, the embryo will have the normal amount of chromosomes (46).
Meiosis
Comparing the two types of cell division cells-divide.html
Levels of Organization
Organelles “Tiny organs” Made of macromolecules Nucleus, ribosomes
Cell Made of organelles Basic unit of life Different types of cells have different functions LIVING
Tissue A lot of the same kind cell working together Living
Organs Tissues that work together Living Heart, Brain, Lungs Kidney
Organs that work together Living Systems Skeletal Muscular Circulatory
Organism Entire living things (organisms) Usually made of systems May be a single cell Living
Cell Organ System Organism Cells are organized in tissues. Different tissues working together to preform a particular job are called organ. Groups of organs that work together to complete a series of tasks are called a system. Many systems working together make up an organism. Tissue