Historical & Geographical Themes

Daily Goals and Objectives Goal One: Historical Tools-The learner will recognize, use, and evaluate the methods and tools valued by historians, compare the views of historians and trace the themes of history Define the themes of society, technology, economics, politics, and culture and relate them to the study of history.

Culture

What is Culture? The beliefs, social forms and material traits of a racial, religious or social group

What are the components of culture? Literature Music Art Clothing Food Language Religion Holidays Customs Traditions Values Attitudes

Cultural Diffusion Human cultures have interacted with one another since ancient times. Migration, trade and conquest increased this interaction Cultural diffusion spreads components of culture from one society to another

Questions to Ponder What items have cultures passed on to each other? What political, economic, and religious ideas have cultures shared? What positive and negative effects have resulted from this cultural interaction?

Location

What is location? Tells where in the world a certain area is

Relative vs. Absolute Location Geographers describe location in two ways: absolute location and relative location Absolute: Location’s point of longitude and latitude Relative: Where a location is in relation to other areas

Example Absolute: Singapore lies at 1*20’ North Latitude and 103* 50’ East Longitude Relative: Singapore is an island country on the southern tip of Malay Peninsula near where the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean meet.

LONGITUDE VS. LATITUDE Longitude: The degree distance east or west of the Prime Meridian Latitude: The degree of distance north or south of the equator

Time

What is time? The measured or measurable period during which an action process or event occurs

How is time measured? Seconds Minutes Hours Days Months Years Decades

What devices are used to measure time? Sun-Dials Hourglasses Stop-Watches Clocks Calendars

What are time zones? A region of the earth with a uniform, legally mandated standard time. 24 Standard Time Zones Four time zones in the US

Human and Environmental Interaction

What is the relationship like between humans and the environment? Throughout history, humans have changed and have been changed by the environment In the earliest of times, humans modified their environment in order to survive

How have humans impacted the environment? Built homes Increased mechanized transportation Constructed businesses and factories Farmed Removed timber from forests Hunted

What negative impact have humans had upon the environment? Deforestation ◦ Destroys plant life and animal habitats Water pollution ◦ Oil Spills Air pollution Soil errosion

Building infrastructure (roads, bridges, etc.) Home and building construction Mining of natural resources (oil, coal) What are some of the biggest threats to the environment currently?

Questions to Ponder How do humans adjust to the climate and terrain where they live? How have changes in the natural world forced people to change? What positive and negative changes have people made to their environment?