Presentations

“The mind is a wonderful thing……… It starts working the moment you are born, and never stops ………. Until you get up to speak in public!!” Presentation Skills

Presentation: Definition Something presented : as a : a symbol or image that represents something b : something offered or given c: an immediate object of perception, cognition, or memory

What is Communication? zNonverbal Communication -body language -eye contact

Importance of Communication zClass Presentations zField Research zBusiness Communications zPublic Speaking

Fear of Public Speaking zPopulation xNo.1 fear=Public Speaking xFear No.2=Death zStage fright -In spotlight -unprepared -inexperienced

Effective Communication zPreparation zPractice zPresence

Effective Communication zPreparation yresearch-non-research yformat-speak on what you know -Notes- outline main points -note cards vs. full sized paper

zUse Cards - tie/number zUse headings/subheadings zBullet points zColour code/shorthand zUnderline/indent zWrite out first/last sentence in full zMemorise introduction zRehearse zUse large visible printing Making Notes

Sample Speech Outline I. Introduction xThesis II. Body xsupport arguments III. Conclusion xreview

Effective Communication zPractice - practice makes perfect - revision - get time right

Thorough preparation Plenty of practice Preparation & Practice

Effective Communication zPresence -nervousness- fright is common -Body language -voice tone -gestures -eye contact -positive attitude

F Confident ? F Warmth ? F Stance ? F Mannerisms ? F Eye contact ? Appearance

zDress zPosture zFacial Expression zVoice zMovement zGesture zEye Contact Body Language

Volume Pitch Speed  Mumbling  Voice drop  Too high  Too low  Monotonous  Hesitancy  Gabbling Voice

Voice Control HPause and pace ouse pause to add emphasis and drama opace should be slower than normal, but vary according to mood HEmphasis osay adjectives as they sound HVolume olouder than normal olarger audiences, more modulation required Voice

Movement - why does it improve the effectiveness of your delivery? F Relaxes the speaker and the audience F Gains attention F Involves the audience F Improves emphasis and eye contact Movement

Movement - it is crucial to your delivery that you choreograph it as every part of the room has a different relationship with the speaker - examples….. F Start your presentation close to the audience F 1st slide/ overhead - stand still F Move to the screen to emphasise side/ overhead F Change energy level to match/ control mood F Controlled movement ostop talking - stop eye contact ostart talking/ start eye contact Movement

Gestures - why use them? F Emphasise a point F Involve the audience F Visual expression F Animation F Demonstrates comfort How much to use? F depends on the audience size and makeup oA little for conservative audiences oA lot for large, dynamic audiences Gestures

Eye contact - communicates the following F Honesty F Trust F Confidence F Individualism F Interest F Sincerity F Credibility F Direct relationship Eye Contact

EYE CONTACT STRATEGIES Less than the other=Humility Same as the other=We are the same Constructive=Builds relationship (same then increasing) More than the other= Dominate other/ strength of conviction Eye Contact

Eye Contact - Directing It FDecision maker oreceives most eye contact - 60% oshare the remainder equally FKey influencer oshare the majority of eye contact FBy role oallocate by job function/ status FEveryone is equal oproportion eye contact equally Eye Contact

Things You Shouldn’t Do zRead directly from notes zRead directly from screen zTurn back on audience zSlouch, hands in pockets zNo um, ah, you know’s zNo nervous gestures zTalk too fast, zTalk too quietly

Things You Should Do zEye contact zCan glance at notes zAppropriate gestures zRhetorical questions to involve audience

zDry mouth: bite side of the tongue, sip water zToo much saliva: breath through mouth zTight throat: yawn with your mouth closed zShort of breath: apply pressure on lower abdomen zButterflies: tense & relax muscles of abdomen zDrying Up: look at your note, repeat what you have just said zGestures zPractice Controlling Nerves

Ten Successful Tips Control the “Butterflies” zKnow the room- become familiar with the place of presentation zKnow the audience- greet or chat with the audience before hand. It’s easier to speak to friends than to strangers zKnow your material-increased nervousness is due to un- preparedness

Control the “Butterflies” zRelaxation- relax entire body by stretching and breathing so as to ease the tension zVisualize giving your speech- Visualize yourself giving your speech from start to finish. By visualizing yourself successful, you will be successful

Control the “Butterflies” zPeople want you to succeed-the audience is there to see you succeed not to fail zDon’t apologize-by mentioning your nervousness or apologizing, you’ll only be calling the audience’s attention to mistakes

Control the “Butterflies” zConcentrate on your message-not the medium. Focus on the message you are trying to convey and not on your anxieties zTurn nervousness into positive energy-nervousness increases adrenaline, transform it into vitality and enthusiasm

Control the “Butterflies” zGain experience-experience builds confidence, which is key to effective public speaking

“The key to effective presentations is to manage the relationship between yourself and the audience so that a good rapport is developed with them” Presentation Skills

F Short sharp paragraphs F Simple words F Repeat key phrases for effect F Avoid catch phrases F Humour F Anecdotes: real-life examples F Rhetorical questions: don’t require answers Presentation Skills

YOU zDo not use the media to hide you zThe audience came to see you zThe media should enhance the presentation, not BE the presentation zIf all you are going to do is read from the slides or overheads, then just send them the slides zRemember, only you can prevent “Death by PowerPoint”

Questions?? zEnd your presentation with a simple question slide to: yInvite your audience to ask questions yProvide a visual aid during question period yAvoid ending a presentation abruptly

Questioning - Effectively Used Achieves.. F Engages audience attention F Establishes better 2 way communication F Obtains required information F Checks for understanding F Checks for agreement How to Prepare Questions …… F Prepare key questions ahead of time F Plan the timing of questions F Be alert to situations that require unplanned questions ? Use of Questions

ASK QUESTIONS zOpen ended - to find out information zClosed - to gain commitment zRedirected - to involve group zRhetorical - to control group zLeading - to give alternative choice Initiate A Discussion

zSwitch off the overhead or light projector zTurn flipcharts to a blank page zErase any unwanted writing from the blackboard or whiteboard zShow any objects referred to and then cover them up Tips For Enhancing Discussion

Four Types: F Dr Quiet F Dr Disagreeable F Dr Side Conversation F Dr Talkative Participants

zSide Conversations zQuiet/Shy zTalkative zDisagreeable WHY? Keep Control - Tactics

SIDE CONVERSATION zAsk to “share” their idea zRestate a point & ask for their opinion zCheck if there is a problem z“Should we include your point in the discussion?” BE DIPLOMATIC & ASSERTIVE Keep Control - Tactics

QUIET/SHY PARTICIPANT zSimple questions zEye contact zRecognise & encourage any contributions zAsk a question & invite everyone's opinion in turn Keep Control - Tactics

TALKATIVE zRemind everyone of time limits zSummarise point & ask for comments from group zAddress questions to other participants zRefocus on objectives/agenda Keep Control - Tactics

DISAGREEABLE F Paraphrase comments, and recap their position in objective terms F Find merit in one of their remarks F Respond to their comment, not the attack F Throw their opinion out to the group F Answer their questions simply and factually Keep Control - Tactics

Scientific Presentations: Do’s and Don’ts

Scientific Presentation 1) Prepare your material carefully and logically. Tell a story. The story should have four parts: (a) Introduction (b) Method (c) Results (d) Conclusion/Summary. "Tell'em what you are going to tell'em. Tell'em. Then tell'em what you told'em."

Scientific Presentation 2) Practice your talk 3) Don't put in too much material 4) Avoid equations 5) Have only a few conclusion points

Scientific Presentation 6) Talk to the audience not to the screen 7) Avoid making distracting sounds like “ uuuhhh” and “mmm” 8) Polish your graphics 9) Use humor if possible, but don’t go overboard 10) Check your viewgraphs before you give the talk 11) Switch off your cell phones if possible.

Scientific Presentation 12) Be personable in taking questions. z First, repeat the question. z If you don't know the answer then say "I don't know, I will have to look into that." z If the questioner disagrees with you and it looks like there will be an argument then defuse the situation. z Never insult the questioner ( S/he may have contacts you don’t know about! 13) Thank you Slide

 Size of room  Tables and chairs  Sockets  Lights  Equipment  Display table  Entrance Check : Presentation Checklist

F 30 minutes before F Arrange table & chairs F Set up equipment F Catering F Display F Start Promptly F Finish on Time Presentation Day & Practice

Handouts: Few Tips

Handouts Passing out Handouts:  Can pass it out during presentation  If flow interrupted, pass out before start  If more than one, can give out “package” zAvoid passing around objects (“I will walk around with it”)

Summary: Dos and Don’ts of Presentation Don’t gesticulate wildly Do speak distinctly Do vary your speed and pitch Do look at your audience Don’t use jargon, slang and superfluous words Do pause after important points Do watch the time Do speak with conviction and enthusiasm Do be natural and sincere Do try to simile Don’t use jokes unless they are really funny and relevant

zKnow your audience zKnow the occasion zKnow your speaking environment zPin down your topic zBrain storm zResearch zPrepare a rough draft of your presentation zTransfer your presentation to mental/ written notes zPractice...To overcome nervousness! Summary

Now is the time to deliver your whole presentation to the group using all of the delivery techniques we have discussed.

Practice takes you from this..

To this….

Thank You