JAR113 haust 2008. Skilyrði lífs (lífvænlegt) Einkenni lífs vitiborið líf tæknisamfélag.

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Presentation transcript:

JAR113 haust 2008

Skilyrði lífs (lífvænlegt) Einkenni lífs vitiborið líf tæknisamfélag

Hydrothermal Vent Life

Tunglið

Tunglið bakhlið

Sólkerfið

My Very Excellent Mother Just Sent Us Nine Pizzas

Sólkerfið Distance (AU)AU Radius (Earth's) Mass (Earth's) Rotation (Earth's) # MoonsOrbital Inclination Orbital Eccentricit y ObliquityDensity (g/cm 3 ) Sun , * Mercury °5.43 Venus °5.25 Earth °5.52 Mars °3.95 Jupiter °1.33 Saturn °0.69 Uranus °1.29 Neptune °1.64 Pluto °2.03

Merkúr

Mars

Venus

Júpiter

Galíleó tungl Júpiters 1,815 km km km km Jörðin km Tunglið km Merkúr km Mars km

Io tungl Júpiters

Satúrnus

Enceladus tungl Satúrnus

Titan tungl Satúrnus

Úranus

Míranda tungl Úranus

Neptúnus

Triton tungl Neptúnus

Skilyrði lífs (lífvænlegt) Einkenni lífs vitiborið líf tæknisamfélag

Drake jafnan N = R * x f p x n e x f l x f i x f c x L N = fjöldi tæknivæddra menningarsamfélaga sem gætu haft samband við okkur R* = fjöldi stjarna á borð við sólina sem myndast í Vetrarbrautinni á ári hverju fp = hlutfall stjarna á borð við sólina sem hafa sólkerfi ne = fjöldi lífvænna reikistjarna í dæmigerðu sólkerfi fl = hlutfall lífvænna reikistjarna þar sem líf verður til fi = hlutfall reikistjarna með lífi þar sem vitsmunalíf þróast fc = hlutfall reikistjarna með vitsmunalífi þar sem tæknivædd menningarsamfélög þróast og vilja hafa samband L = dæmigerð meðalævi slíks tæknivædds samfélags

Drake jafnan N = R * x f p x n e x f l x f i x f c x L R* = fjöldi stjarna á borð við sólina sem myndast í Vetrarbrautinni á ári hverju Líf myndaðist hér fyrir um 3,8 milljörðum ára ekki of stórar né of litlar *. Gildi R* 1 1 x

Drake jafnan N = R * x f p x n e x f l x f i x f c x L 1 x fp = hlutfall stjarna á borð við sólina sem hafa sólkerfi vaxandi líkur á að þetta sé algengt. Gildi fp 1 til 0,5 0,5

Drake jafnan N = R * x f p x n e x f l x f i x f c x L 1 x 0,5 ne = fjöldi lífvænna reikistjarna í dæmigerðu sólkerfi. Gefum 0,1 x 0,1

Drake jafnan N = R * x f p x n e x f l x f i x f c x L 1 x 0,5 fl = hlutfall lífvænna reikistjarna þar sem líf verður til. Gildi 1 x 0,1 x 1

Drake jafnan N = R * x f p x n e x f l x f i x f c x L 1 x 0,5 fi = hlutfall reikistjarna með lífi þar sem vitsmunalíf þróast. ??? Gefum okkur 1 x 0,1 x 1

Drake jafnan N = R * x f p x n e x f l x f i x f c x L 1 x 0,5 fc = hlutfall reikistjarna með vitsmunalífi þar sem tæknivædd menningarsamfélög þróast og vilja hafa samband. Gildi 1 x 0,1 x 1

Drake jafnan N = R * x f p x n e x f l x f i x f c x L 1 x 0,5 L = dæmigerð meðalævi slíks tæknivædds samfélags. Mannkynið hefur verið á þessu stigi í 100 ár. Segjum 1000 x 0,1 x 1 x 1000

lífvænlegar líf vitiborið líf þráðlaus samskipti N = N* fp ne fl fi fc fL N*: fjöldi stjarna í Vetrarbrautinni fp: hve margar þeirr hafa plánetukerfi (%) ne: hve margar plánetur eru lífvænlegar fl: hjá hve mörgum þróast líf (%) fi: hjá hve mörgum þróast vitiborið líf (%) fc: hjá hve mörgum þróast þráðlaus samskipti (%) fL: hve lengi lifir samfélagið (hlutfall af lífslengd sólkerfis) Drake jafnan (er til í ýmsum útgáfum hér að neðan er ein, sjá líka tengla)

Hvers vegna höfum við ekki orðið vör við neitt? Þessi staðreynd er þekkt undir nafninu „þversögn Fermis“ en stundum kölluð „þögnin mikla“.

Háþróuð tæknivædd samfélög innan VetrarbrautarinnarSérstök tilfelli TilfelliIIIIIIIVV fjöldi samfélaga sem eru fremri okkar mörgfásjaldgæfvið erum ein í Vetrarbrautinni við erum ein í alheimi fjarlægð til næsta samfélags (d) minna en 30 ljósár ljósár 300 að endimörkum meir en 1 milljón ljósár ∞ Aldur vetrarbrautar 10x10 9 ár. Aldur Sólkerfisins 5x10 9 ár Þetta er sá tími sem það hefur tekið að þróa fram vitiborið tæknivætt samfélag.

fjöldi þróaðra samfélaga meðal lífslengd í árum (L) fjarlægð (d) að nálægasta þróaða samfélagi mörg fá sjaldgæf hér væri d = 1250 l.á og L =2500 ár

lengd sólahringsins lengd ársins segulsvið geislavirkni hlutfall lands/hafa stærð plánetu (þyngdaraflið) lögun brautarferils nærvera tungls plánetukerfi hefur mjög stóra(r) plánetu(r) Þættir sem hafa (geta) haft áhrif á þróun lífs

Pioneer 10 (1972) SETI, the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence

Allen Telescope Array (ATA)

Andromeda The closest known galaxy to us is the Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy, at 236,000,000,000,000,000 km (25,000 light years) from the Sun. The Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy is the next closest, at 662,000,000,000,000,000 km (70,000 light years) from the Sun. The Large Magellanic Cloud, 1,690,000,000,000,000,000 km (179,000 light years) away, was once considered the nearest galaxy outside of the Milky Way. The Small Magellanic Cloud is 1,980,000,000,000,000,000 km (210,000 light years) away.

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