THE GILDED AGE.

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Presentation transcript:

THE GILDED AGE

Background What does “gilded” mean? Thin gold coating Term coined by Mark Twain U.S. Society/Politics looked shiny on the outside, but underneath were dirty & corrupt

Background What was happening in the U.S.? Reconstruction was ending Industrialization booming Economy growing Division between classes was wide Rich = Extremely Wealthy, Poor = Working Class

Background Immigration Wave Peaked between 1880-1920 Many from Germany, Ireland, and Eastern Europe Lived in tenement housing and worked in factories Made very little money Poor living conditions

Row of tenement housing in Johnstown, PA

Tenement Apartment in NY

WEALTHY BUSINESSMEN Andrew Carnegie John D. Rockefeller Andrew Mellon Steel industry, Gave most of his money to charities John D. Rockefeller Oil industry, “richest person in history” Andrew Mellon Banking and Industry

WEALTHY BUSINESSMEN Viewed as “robber barons” Exploited workers in order to gain wealth Unsafe working conditions Long hours Little pay Eliminated competition by forming monopolies

WORKERS CALL FOR CHANGE Rise of Labor Unions Knights of Labor, American Federation of Labor Protests and Strikes Often violent (bombs, riots, deaths) Railroad Strikes, Pullman Strike Homestead Strike Pittsburgh, PA (1892), slashed wages, locked out workers, strike Violent – gunfire; state militia called in Union leaders blacklisted, unions eliminated from Homestead

HAYMARKET SQUARE RIOT Chicago, 1886 Prior Day – 4 laborers killed at strike Laborers, Anarchists, and Socialists gathered to protest Bomb thrown at police, riot begins, shots fired 7 police officers and 1 civilian killed 8 men arrested and tried in relation to the riot

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