Macromolecules Review

Carbohydrates Monomer- Polymer- Functions- Monosaccharide Polysaccharide Functions- Energy Storage and Release Cell Structure

Carbohydrate Structure Monosaccharides Polysaccharides (Disaccharides)

Nucleic Acids Monomer- Polymer- Functions- Nucleotide DNA and RNA Carries the genetic code

DNA Structure Double Helix

Proteins Monomer- amino acids Polymer- Polypeptides Functions- Enzymes-speed up chemical reactions Structural – in muscles, etc

Enzyme-Substrate Complex Enzyme Image Active Site Substrate Enzyme Enzyme-Substrate Complex Enzyme Products

Proteins have 4 Levels of Structure Primary Structure A chain of amino acids Bonds between amino acids are called peptide bonds This chain is called a polypeptide chain

4 Levels of Structure (cont.) Secondary Structure Arrangement of polypeptide chains into different formations Alpha helix: Coil or corkscrew formation Beta Pleated Sheet: Pleats or folds Random Coils

4 Levels of Structure (cont.) Tertiary Structure 3-D folding of secondary structures Two secondary structures bonded together At this stage it is a functional protein

4 Levels of Structure (cont.) Quaternary Structure Tertiary proteins bond with each other, so you have a group of proteins bonded together Example: Hemoglobin

Monomers Polymers Monomers are bonded together through the process of….. Dehydration Synthesis Polymers break up through process of… Hydrolysis D B C A

Lets review our cut outs…

Label the following as referring to a Protein (P), Nucleic Acid (N), Carb © Starch Double Helix Amino Acid Alpha Helix DNA Peptide bond Energy Storage Monosac-charide Enzyme Has an “R” Group Glucose 1. 2. 3.

Answers NA C P