Latin America
Chapter 10 A Blending of Cultures Section 1: MEXICO (settlers vs. natives)
Aztecs Mayans
Colonialism & Independence Natives of Mexico: Toltecs, Maya, Aztecs Spanish Conquered Aztecs in Mexico Led by Cortes Mexican Independence Uneven distribution of land b/t peasants and landowners Civil War Institutional Revolutionary Party corrupt
A meeting of Cultures Spanish and native blend Aztecs: Spanish rule: Mighty temples Religious sacrifices Spanish rule: Destroyed Aztec community Brought language and religion (dominate) Mestizo Rich in art and architecture
Economics: Cities & Factories Struggles: 1. Gap of rich and poor 2. Develop into modern industrial economy Population and the Cities Movement to cities, job opportunities Oil and Manufacturing Oil helps to finance development Manufacturing most important of econ. Development Maquiladoras NAFTA
Mexican Life Today Emigration to U.S. In search of better life, more $$, more opportunities Education will become more important Education allows for industrialization Industrialization allows for economic properity
Section 2: Central America & the Caribbean
Native & Colonial C.A. Maya Spanish influence Cultural hearth- point where culture spreads Maya Yucatan Peninsula Pyramids (Tikal) Spanish influence Spanish rule, then Mexican rule United Provinces of Central America Became own countries
Native & Colonial Caribbean European rule: Spanish, French, British, Dutch, Danish African influence Slaves on sugar plantations Slave revolts, leads to independence
Cultural Blends Central America: Caribbean: Native American Spanish influence: Language Religion= Catholocism Land taken Caribbean: Variety of cultural influences Variety of religions: Catholicism, Santeria, Voodoo Languages: Spanish mostly, French, English, Dutch/Danish
Economics: Jobs & People Mostly poor (colonialism) Farming and trade Mostly sugar, but also fruits Poor pay Panama Canal Crossroads for trade of goods and ideas Location due to economies C.A. mostly live in rural areas…farms Caribbean mostly live in cities…tourism
Popular Culture, Tourism, Jobs Caribbean Popular Culture, Tourism, Jobs Tourism and the informal economy High pop. growth = high unemployment Schools there to prepare with ag. & tourism skills Tourism most important industry, provides job opportunities Informal economy: Street vending, shoe shining, etc. No protection or benefits Provide some income
Section 3: Spanish-Speaking S.A.
Conquest & End of Spanish Rule The Inca Andes Mts. of Peru Advanced civilization Spanish Conquest Natives slaves to mining Heritage replaced by Spanish culture Independence Gained, but underdevelopment & political instability due to geography Government by few Oligarchy and military rule
Economics: Resources & Trade Economies of the region Produces variety of resources: North- large farms, oil West- fishing South- grains and livestock
Education & the Future South American countries support education more so than Central America
Section 4: Brazil
History: A Divided Continent Treaty of Tordesillas Divided S.A. for Europe Native peoples and Portuguese conquest Portuguese colonist created sugar plantations Native slaves died, African slaves replaced Independence for Brazil
A National Culture People of Brazil Language and Religion Home to many immigrants worldwide Language and Religion Catholicism and Portuguese Also Protestant
An Economic Giant Awakens Industrial Power Natural resources are abundant River systems, oil reserves, natural gas Highly industrialized: steel, autos Migration to Cities Gap b/t rich and poor leads to urbanization Abandon ag., growth of manufacturing Migration to Interior Gvt. Encourages movement: Develop resources to spark economy
Brazilian Life Today Major Cities Brasilia = political capital Sao Paulo = economic heart/ largest city Rio de Janeiro = cultural center Income gap Slums/ favelas High crime