Economic & Social Determinants Philippa Howden-Chapman He Kainga Oranga/Housing and Health Research Programme New Zealand Centre for Sustainable Cities University of Otago, Wellington

The importance of empathy Most respondents in the NZ Values Survey were prepared to pay increased taxes to provide better health services and a better standard of living for the elderly and the disabled. Carroll et al, THE WIDENING GAP, Social Policy Journal, 2011

Waitangi Tribunal: truth, reconciliation, and compensation

Newspeak? ? ?? Current HNZ tenants most deprived 5% of households Healthy Housing Programme 27% fall in the total number of acute and arranged hospitalisations of year 61% fall in hospitalisations after crowding reduction Excluding 55 % of applicants is a faster path to overcrowding, infectious disease (25% of acute hospitalisations) + homelessness Unfair to reduce small stock of social housing when private rental properties unregulated + some landlord’s discriminatory

Energy poverty

“Any one who has ever struggled with poverty knows how extremely expensive it is to be poor” James Baldwin, Nobody Knows My Name, 1961.

Built Environment -- Private rental housing stock requirements extremely limited Boarding houses and camping grounds increasingly housing of last resort Insecurity of tenure -> residential mobility -> irregular primary care -> school attendance + +

Evidence-based policies + Government funding – underpinned by research – has led to step change in retrofitting insulation and heaters for home-owners co-benefits: health, education, energy + climate change + Experiment with mixed-tenure, low carbon urban houses with low operating costs Develop economies of scale + Social Inclusion