Developmental Psychology Chapter 2

Theories WhatDangersUsefulness –Ability to generate predictions –Heuristic Value – further thought –Practical Value –Explain basic development

Psychoanalytic - Freud Changes in development occur due to the influence of _______ drives and emotions on ___________. –Libido Psychosexual stages Personality has 3 parts –Cognitive Dissonance

Psychoanalytic - Erikson Change due to internal drives and cultural demands Continues throughout the lifespan –Trust v. Mistrust 0-1 –Autonomy v. Shame and Doubt 1-3 –Initiative v. Guilt 3-6 Problems?

Humanistic Theories - Maslow Most important drive is each individual’s motivation to achieve ________________. Hierarchy of Needs –What’s missing?

Physiological Safety Love & Belonging Esteem Self-Actualization

Learning Theories - Skinner Developmental changes result from an accumulation of __________________. Classical Conditioning - Pavlov Operant Conditioning – Skinner –Punishment –Reinforcement –Extinction –Shaping Social Cognitive – Bandura –Observational Learning –Intrinsic Reinforcement –Problems?

Cognitive Theories - Piaget Emphasizes mental aspects of development such as logic and memory Cognitive Developmental –Scheme/Schema –Assimilation –Accomodation –Logical Thought develops through 4 stages Sensorimotor 0 – 18 mo Preoperational 18mo – 6 year Concrete Operational 6 – 12 Formal Operational 12+

Biological Theories Attempt to link physical and developmental processes. –Nativism – view that humans possess unique genetic traits that will be evidenced in all members of a species regardless of environment. (Universal) –Ethology – emphasizes genetically determined survival behaviors.