Immigration

This is just one story.

In 2005, 191 million people, or 3% of the world’s population, lived in a country outside their country of birth.

World’s migrant stock Which Country has the world’s greatest number of immigrants?  The US. How many?  39 million - almost 1 out of 8 people in the US!

World’s migrant stock Other countries do not even come close ：  #2 Russia at 12 million  #3 Germany at 10 million  #6 Canada at 6 million  #9 United Kingdom at 9 million

Migration is global! Africa 9 million Asia 53 million Europe 64 million Latin America and the Caribbean 7 million North America 44 million

Vocabulary Immigration  To settle in a country in which one is not native.  Can be legal or illegal. Second generation  Children of immigrants born in the country of migration.

Vocabulary II Refugee  People who flee their native countries seeking safety from persecution.  Usually because of race, religion, or membership in a particular social or political group.  Most are unable or unwilling to return because of fear of persecution.  Immigration statistics do not include number of refugees!

Vocabulary III Trafficking  the recruitment, transportation, transfer or receipt of people for the purpose of exploitation. Asylum  a status offered by one nation to a citizen of another nation, because the individual fears harm from the nation of origin.

Reasons for migration can be placed into 2 categories: 1. POLITICAL 2. ECONOMIC

Political Immigration Examples  Religion  Political beliefs  No personal freedoms Definition Immigration is seen as a means to attaining greater political rights.

Economic Immigration Definition  Immigrants are moving to new countries for better economic opportunities and greater financial security. Examples  Depression  High unemployment  Poor living conditions -no food, water, shelter

You Guess! Media censorship Famine Shelter Race Political Economic Political

The greatest predictor of migration is family residing in a receiving country.

The Faces of Immigration

Najah Nyambura After his mother and father were killed by members of the murderous Janjaweed militia in Sudan, Najah ran away from his village of Kalma. Many weeks of travel brought him to northwest Sudan. There he was smuggled through the border into Libya. He worked in Libya for several months to save enough money to pay the smugglers for a boat ride to Italy. Najah is now 19 and has been working in the textile industry in southern Italy for the past 3 years.

Immigration & Sudan Vocabulary refresher  Refugee- People who flee their native countries seeking safety from persecution– usually because of race, religion, or membership in a particular social or political group. Most are unable or unwilling to return because of fear of persecution.  Asylum- a status offered by one nation to a citizen of another nation, because the individual fears harm from the nation of origin. A complex conflict in the Darfur region of Sudan has led many refugees to seek asylum in neighboring countries.

What’s Going on in Sudan? Since 2003, Sudanese government forces and an ethnic militia called Janjaweed have engaged in armed conflict with rebel groups called the Sudanese Liberation Army (SLA). Government forces have waged a systematic campaign of “ethnic cleansing” against the civilian population who are members of the same ethnic groups as the SLA rebels.

Sudanese Immigrants In 2001, African refugees arrived in the U.S.  31% were from Sudan. Almost 9 out of 10 Sudanese who immigrated to the U.S. in 2006 were refugees or asylum seeker.

Immigration as a Means of Survival For Najah, immigration was not a choice– his family and a great majority of the village was wiped out.  No sense of security or stability. The chance of survival was greater for Najah if he undertook the dangerous journey than if he had remained in his village.  This is the case with most refugees.

Africa Over 1 million 139,000 from Nigeria← 108,000 from Egypt← 87,000 from Ethiopia← 1 data from

Jazmin Zenab Jazmin was born in Bahgdad, Iraq in The fall of Baghdad occurred just one week after her 15 th birthday. Her parents’ fear of having their children harmed became a reality after her brother was injured by a car bomb. When her parents realized that the conditions in their hometown were only going to get worse, they took Jazmin and her three siblings and moved in with family in neighboring Syria.

Iraq 1.8 million Iraqi refugees living abroad 600,000 to 1 million refugees ← in Syria 700,000 to 750,000 refugees ← in Jordan Map: map.gif&imgrefurl= rt=12&um=1&tbnid=- 0VFgKxO9IDlCM:&tbnh=135&tbnw=114&prev=/images%3Fq%3Diraq%2Bmap%26svnum%3D10%26um% 3D1%26hl%3Den

Immigration is not one sided! I Receiving countries are greatly affected.  Lost jobs  Education  Health care  Welfare  Housing

Maria Rosales When Maria’s mother was just 21 and three months pregnant, she started a two month trek to the United States. While sneaking through the brush on her way into Texas, all she could think about was providing Maria with the opportunities that were not available to her in Mexico. Maria has been enjoying the benefits of life in America for the past 17 years; she just finished high school and will be attending San Diego State University this year to study sociology.

Immigration from Mexico is something that people in Southern California are familiar with. This sign appears on the freeway on the way to San Diego.

Mexico - Arrests from Oct 2003 to March _Border_Security.htm&h=391&w=576&sz=144&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=drIddOG- 9S58VM:&tbnh=91&tbnw=134&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dafrica%2Bimmigration%2Bmap%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den

Immigration & Mexico In 2006, 174,000 legal immigrants arrived to the United States from Mexico.  More than half of them had immediate family members in the US. 1 1 (

Immigration is not one sided! II Remittance- Money that immigrants send to their country of origin. In 2001, $ 9,920,000,000 was sent back to Mexico in the form of remittance.  Highest total out of any nation in the world!

Whether for political reasons, like the cases with Najah and Jazmin, or for economic reasons, like the case with Maria’s mother, immigration is a daily occurrence with global significance.