EU Waste Management Policy Seminar on Environmental Requirements in Cohesion Fund Projects Prague, 25 Feburary 2005 Fotios PAPOULIAS DG Environment European Commission

Why is waste a problem? Continued growth of the waste mountain around 1300 Mt of waste (excluding agricultural waste) 3.5 tonnes per capita and year 1995-98 growth by 15% while GDP grew by 10% around 200 Mt of municipal waste 500 kg per capita and year Environmental impacts of waste Air pollutants and greenhouse gases Leachates Long term heritage of landfills and contaminated sites Disamenity (noise, odour etc.) Resource loss and avoidable impacts of virgin materials production

The European Waste Strategy Producer Responsibility Waste Management Hierarchy Proximity and self-sufficiency

A flexible principle based on common sense Waste Hierarchy A flexible principle based on common sense Prevention Recycling Incineration without energy recovery Re-use Energy recovery Disposal

Waste Management Policy Community Waste Management Strategy COM(96)399, 30.7.96) Framework legislation Waste Framework Directive (Dir. 75/442/EEC) Directive on hazardous waste (Dir. 91/689/EEC) Regulation on shipment of waste (Reg. (EEC) 259/93) Waste treatment operations Incineration of waste Directive 2000/76/EC Landfill of waste Directive 1999/31/EC Decision 2003/33/EC Specific waste streams Waste oils (Dir 75/439/EEC) Sewage sludge (Dir. 86/278/EEC) Batteries (Dir. 91/157/EEC & 93/86/EEC) Packaging (Dir. 94/62/EC) PCBs (Dir. 96/59/EC) End of life vehicles Dir. 2000/53/EC WEEE/ RoHS Dir. 2002/95/EC & Dir. 2002/96/EC Mining waste COM(2003) 319 POPs Waste Reg. 850/2004/EEC

Waste Framework Directive (Dir. 91/156/EEC) Framework legislation Waste Framework Directive (Dir. 91/156/EEC) Definition + European Waste Catalogue Minimum waste management requirements Waste management priorities Waste management plans Control and permit systems Polluter pays principle Regulation on shipment of waste (Reg. (EEC) 259/93) Waste and the internal market Proximity and self-sufficiency for waste disposal Control requirements and notification system Illegal traffic International interface Ban on export to developing countries Hazardous waste Directive (Dir. 91/689/EEC) Definition + Hazardous waste list Stricter waste management requirements Prohibition of mixing

Incineration of waste Directive 2000/76/EC Waste treatment operations Incineration of waste Directive 2000/76/EC All types of waste covered Special and industrial installations Co-incineration Operational conditions Air & water emission limit values 0.1 ng/m3 dioxins and furanes Landfill of waste Directive 1999/31/EC Authorization system Control procedures Co-disposal ban Pre-treatment of waste obligatory Technical requirements Reduction of biodegradable waste Methane recovery Internalization of cost Decision 2003/33/EC Procedures and criteria for acceptance of waste in landfills

Specific waste streams Sewage sludge (Dir. 86/278/EEC) Agricultural use Heavy metal limits Control of pathogens Waste oils (Dir 75/439/EEC) Collection Promotion of regeneration PCB limit values Safe disposal Combustion limit values Batteries and accumulators (Dir. 91/157/EEC & 93/86/EEC) Scope Marketing restrictions Separate collection Recycling Labelling Packaging (Dir. 94/62/EC & 2004/12/EC) All packaging Hierarchy Recovery / recycling targets Management systems Essential requirements Databases POPs Waste (Reg. 850/2004/EEC) Destruction of POPs Derogation for low conc. and env. preferable management options PCBs & PCTs (Dir. 96/59/EC) Limit values Safe disposal Phase-out End of Life Vehicles (Dir. 2000/53/EC) Certificate of destruction De-registration Reduction of heavy metals Recycling targets Electric and Electronic Waste WEEE Directive 2002/96/EC and RoHS Directive 2002/95/EC Consumer and commercial appliances Separate collection Recycling targets Financing: Producer responsibility heavy metals ban New initiatives Thematic Strategy on waste prevention and recycling Thematic strategy on natural resources

Key objectives (1) Landfill Conformity: 2004 (hazardous waste) and 2009 (MSW) -65% biodegradable waste in 2016 (National Strategies in 2003) Ban on landfill of (shredded) tyres: 2005 Limit values for acceptance of waste: 2005 Conformity of existing incinerators with Directive 2000/76/EC: 2005 IPPC permits for existing installations: 2007

Key objectives (2) End- of-life vehicles 2006: 85% recovery, 80% reuse and recycling 2015: 95% recovery, 85% reuse and recycling (currently under review) Waste electric and electronic equipment by 2006: collection of 4 kg/cap/y recycling and reuse of 50% to 80% recovery of 0-20% Packaging by 2008 55-80% recycling, 60% recovery material specific rates

Waste management planning requirements Member States to draw up waste management plans (Dir. 75/442/EEC – Art. 7) to achieve: the preference for recovery over disposal the disposal or recovery without endangering human health or the environment an integrated network of disposal installations Hazardous waste (Dir. 91/689/EEC): either separate plans or part of general waste management plan Packaging waste (Dir. 94/62/EC): specific chapter in general waste management plan

Content of waste management plans (Dir. 75/442/EEC - Art. 7) Obligatory elements of plans: type, quantity and origin of the waste general technical requirements special arrangements for particular wastes suitable disposal sites Optional elements of the plan persons empowered to carry out management of waste estimated costs of recovery/disposal measures for rationalisation of collection, sorting and treatment of waste

A decade for change Non-haz waste landfills Inc/co-inc emission limits Second ELV targets IPPC permits 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2015 2016 Hazardous waste landfills Pckg targets PCBs destroyed Final landfill diversion target WEEE + ELV targets Second landfill diversion target Tyres landfill ban First landfill diversion target 2005: Thematic Strategy

some recycling much recycling From To much waste, some waste, some recycling much recycling Packaging, WEEE, ELV, … Recycle paper, plastic, metals …. For the waste prevention and recycling strategy, we need to bring together the pieces of thirty years of waste policy. On the left hand side we see where we are now – we need to remodel and restructure some elements, and bring greater cohesion to the whole picture. Energy recovery Packaging, WEEE, ELV, … Recover Energy Landfill Too much Landfill ( 60%)

Waste Thematic Strategy June 2005 Waste strategy document (including future recycling policy) Conclusion – a range of measures are needed in the package to achieve our objectives. They are covered in more detail in the background slides I have circulated. Revision of WFD Action on common standards Action on prevention

For further information... … consult the Europa web site on Internet: http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/waste/index.htm …contact DG Environment; Sustainable Resources, Consumption and Waste unit …send an e-mail: Fotios.Papoulias@cec.eu.int

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