CHAPTER 15 Absolutism and State Building in Europe, The West Encounters and Transformations Levack/Muir/Veldman/Maas Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 I. The Nature of Absolutism II. The Absolutist State in France and Spain III. Absolutism and State Building in Central and Eastern Europe IV. Resistance to Absolutism in England and the Dutch Republic

Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Thomas Hobbes Leviathan, 1651 I. The Nature of Absolutism A. The Theory of Absolutism Jean Bodin (1530?-1596) Six Books of a Commonweal, 1576 divine right Jacques Bossuet ( ) B. The Practice of Absolutism Weaken representative assemblies Undermine nobility Control administration C. Warfare and the Absolutist State Philip II, Spain 1590's: army of 40,000 Louis XIV, France Late 17th: 400,000 Training more important Cost increases

Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 II. The Absolutist State in France and Spain A. The Foundations of French Absolutism Henry IV ( ) Duke of Sully Louis XIII ( ) Marie de' Medici, regent Cardinal Richelieu ( ) intendants La Rochelle besieged, Taille 300%, Jules Mazarin ( ) succeeds Richelieu B. Challenges Fronde of the Parliament ( ) Fronde of the Princes ( ) Prince de Condé

Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 II. The Absolutist State in France and Spain C. Louis XIV personal rule from 1661 "Sun King" Jean Baptiste Colbert ( ) mercantilism 1685, revokes Edict of Nantes Huguenots emigrate The Culture of Absolutism Patronage central Academy of Fine Arts, 1661 Academy of Music, 1669 Comédie Française Jean Baptiste Moliére ( ) Jean Racine ( ) Journal des savants Académie des Sciences, 1666 Académie Française, 1635 Richelieu

Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 II. The Absolutist State in France and Spain C. Louis XIV The Wars of Louis XIV, Germany 1697, Treaty of Ryswick balance of power Spain Duke Philip of Anjou War of the Spanish Succession ( ) Grand Alliance: British, Dutch, Austrians 1713, Treaty of Utrecht The French Bourbons and the Spanish Succession

Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Culture Miguel de Cervantes ( ) Don Quixote Diego de Velásquez ( ) The Surrender of Breda, 1634 II. The Absolutist State in France and Spain D. Absolutism and State Building in Spain Unification Aragon and Castile, 1479 Spanish Inquisition Philip IV ( ) Count-Duke of Olivares ( ) millones 30 Years' War

Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 III. Absolutism and State Building in Central & Eastern Europe A. Germany and the 30 Years' War, , Defenestration of Prague Diet Bohemian Legislature, Protestant Ferdinand II Frederick V 1648, Treaty of Westphalia German states greater autonomy Brandenburg-Prussia Habsburg Austria

Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 III. Absolutism and State Building in Central and Eastern Europe B. The Growth of Prussia Hohenzollerns Brandenburg 1618, Prussia Frederick William ( ) Elector sons: King Frederick I ( ) Frederick William I ( )

Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 C. The Austrian Habsburg Monarchy Bohemia Hungary, by 1713 Spanish Netherlands 30 Years' War 1620, Battle of White Mountain Ferdinand II ( ) Persecution of Protestants D. The Ottoman Empire Western attitudes stereotypes Provincial autonomy III. Absolutism and State Building in Central and Eastern Europe (B. The Growth of Prussia) Junkers State General Directory, Berlin Army Diet of Brandenburg last meeting, 1652

Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 III. Absolutism and State Building in Central and Eastern Europe E. Russia and the West Peter I, the Great ( ) Westernization Great Northern War, Sweden military reform Central council St. Petersburg Alexis I ( ) Fedor ( )

Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 IV. Resistance to Absolutism in England and the Dutch Republic A. The English Monarchy Sir John Fortescue ( ) James I ( ) Stuart dynasty divine right Charles I ( ) War with Spain, Parliament Petition of Rights, 1628 dismissed until 1640 William Laud, archbishop Scots National Covenant, 1638

Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 IV. Resistance to Absolutism in England and the Dutch Republic B. The English Civil Wars and Revolution Short Parliament April-May, 1640 Long Parliament, November, 1640 impeaches royal administrators 1642, Civil War Roundheads, parliamentarians New Model Army Cavaliers, royalists 1646, Parliament victorious Charles imprisoned 1648, Civil War Charles again defeated Rump Parliament 1649, Charles tried execution creation of the Republic

Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 IV. Resistance to Absolutism in England and the Dutch Republic B. The English Civil Wars and Revolution 1647, Putney Debates Levellers v. army 1653, Long Parliament dissolved Oliver Cromwell ( ) 1649, Protector 1658, death of Cromwell Richard succeeds 1660, Monarchy restored

Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 IV. Resistance to Absolutism in England and the Dutch Republic C. Later Stuart Absolutism The House of Stuart,

Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 IV. Resistance to Absolutism in England and the Dutch Republic C. Later Stuart Absolutism Charles II ( ) James Catholic opposed by Whigs Earl of Shaftsbury James II ( ) relaxes restrictions on Catholics son born, 1688 William III of Orange invited as king Convention 1689, offers crown to William and Mary Bill of Rights John Locke Two Treatises on Government, 1690

Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 IV. Resistance to Absolutism in England and the Dutch Republic D. The Dutch Republic 1588, established 1648, confirmed by Spain House of Orange Merchants middlemen Banking Exchange Bank Hugo Grotius ( ) The Freedom of the Sea, 1609 The Law of War and Peace, 1625 (D. The Dutch Republic) Religious Toleration Baruch Spinoza ( ) French Huguenots English Whigs Art Rembrandt van Rijn ( ) Syndics of the Clothmakers of Amsterdam, 1662 Franz Hals (c ) Jan Steen ( )