1 Sports Injury Recognition PE 236 Amber Giacomazzi, MS, ATC

2 In the United States, ____ ________ public high school children are involved in sports activities _________ Sample Graphic Sports Participation

3  Since its passing, female sports participation ________ by _____ Title IX Education Assistance Act of 1972

4 According to a Pennsylvania study, rates of athletic injuries among of high school students were: –Football - _______ –Boys’ basketball - ____ –Wrestling - ______ –Girls Basketball - ___ General Injury Data

5 In a two-year study of a community sports program, children participating in ______ had the highest rate of injury, followed by ________, ________, and _________. ___________ were the most common injury.

6 NCAA Definition of Sports Injury Sports Injury: –Occurs as a result of participation in organized intercollegiate practice or game. –Requires ________ ________ by a team ________ ________ or __________. –Results in restriction of athlete’s participation for one or more days after the injury. _____ _____ does not reflect injury’s _________. injury’s _________.

Anatomical Directions  Anterior  Posterior  Superior  Inferior  Medial  Lateral  Proximal  Distal  Flexion  Extension  Abduction  Adduction  Pronation  Supination  Internal Rotation  External Rotation  Circumduction  Inversion  Eversion  Plantarflexion  Dorsiflexion  Horizontal Abduction  Horizontal Adduction 7

8 Acute Injuries Acute Injury - “injury characterized by __________, resulting from a _________ ______”  Acute injuries typically involve ________ ________ followed by ______, _______, and _____________.

9 Chronic Injuries Chronic Injury - “injury characterized by a ____, _____________, implying a ________ _____________ of __________________”  Chronic injuries develop over time and are often associated with ________, _____ activities, such as ________.  These injuries are commonly called “_____________.” Common sites include the ______________, _______ _______, and the __________.

10 Catastrophic Injury Catastrophic Injuries:  Involve damage to the _____ and/or _____________  Can be _________________ or ________________  Can occur as a ______ or _____ result of sports participation

11 Soft Tissues ____________ Soft Tissues ____________________________________________________________________________________ Soft Tissues

12 Connective Tissue Injuries Sprains are injuries to ____________  First-degree: ________________________  Second-degree: _____________, _____, and ______________  Third-degree: ________________________

13 Connective Tissue Injuries Strains are injuries to _______, ______, or ___________________  First-degree strain: _______________, ______ _______________________  Second-degree strain: ____________________ ______, _____, and ______________________  Third-degree strain: ____________, ________ ___________ & _________________

14 Connective Tissue Injuries Contusions are commonly referred to as “_________”  Contusions are associated with pain, _______, ________, ____________, and ___________  May result in _______________________

CARTILAGE  There are 3 types of cartilage –Hyaline—_______________________ –Fibrous—_______________________ –Elastic—________________________  No direct ________ supply  ________________ for nourishment 15

nerves  Most nerve injuries are a result of a __________ _____  ____________ and _______ most common  Nerve tissue provides the body with its reception and response to stimuli  Sensation Distortion –Hypoesthesia—_________________________ –Hyperesthesia—________________________ –Paresthesia—__________________________ 16

17 Skeletal Tissue Injuries Fractures are breaks or cracks in a bone. Types of Fractures –_________

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19 Dislocations Dislocation - “ displacement of contiguous surfaces or bones comprising a joint” - _____________________ Subluxation- ________________ All dislocations should be __________ and treated by a ____________ All dislocations should be __________ and treated by a ____________

Chronic overuse injuries  Tendonitis—_______________________  Tenosynovitis—____________________ _______  Bursitis—_________________________  Osteoarthritis—____________________ _________  Atrophy—_________________________ 20

21 Injury Recognition Coach’s role:  Treat any suspected injury as an actual injury until proven otherwise.  Recognize and discriminate injuries that require medical referral from those that do not require such attention. Schools or sponsoring agency should make every effort to hire an NATABOC-Certified Athletic Trainer.

22 American Academy of Pediatrics has developed categories of sports. –_________________ Classification of Sports

23 Extent of Injuries: Tackle Football  34% of players injured; offensive players have higher risk than defensive players  _______________________________ ____________  2.4% of injuries required surgery, and of those 59.4% involved the _______

24 Extent of Injuries: Tackle Football  ________, ______, ______, and ________ are common injuries  Older players have ________ than younger ones  _________ and ______ injuries are a major concern

25  During the 2002 school year, one million high school children participated in basketball (male and female combined)  Players have a high risk for lower extremity injuries.  ____________ are the most common injury  Girls have higher risk of _____ injuries than boys and are more likely to _____________ Extent of Injuries: Basketball

26 In 2002, over 450,000 high school boys participated Nearly 12% sustained injuries. Nearly 12% sustained injuries. _____________ or ______________ were often injured Of these injuries, most were ______ or ___________ Extent of Injuries: Baseball

27 Extent of Injuries: Baseball  Children between the ages 5 and 14 have increased vulnerability to ___________ injuries from balls. (_________________)  Eye injuries from pitched balls are a concern.  ______________ injuries are a concern for adolescent pitchers. –_______________ presents the greatest risk for elbow problems.

28  In 2002, there were over 240,000 high school participants –About __________________  Collisions with opponents and mats, and takedown and escape maneuvers resulted in various injuries  Shoulder/arm, knee, and forearm/wrist/hand were injured most often –Most of these injuries were strains & sprains  ____________, __________, and “_____________” are also common injuries Extent of Injuries: Wrestling

29 Extent of Injuries: Volleyball  During 2002, nearly 400,000 high school girls participated  Nearly ______ were injured, most of these injuries were __________  ________________ is most often injured

30 In the United States, there are 12 million participants under 18 years of age. During the 2002 season almost: –340,000 high school boys participated. –300,000 high school girls participated. Extent of Injuries: Soccer

31 Extent of Injuries: Soccer ___________ are the most common injury, with the ______, ______, and _____ most often injured. –Heading may result in injury, but no reliable research to confirm this hypothesis.