The Cell

History of The Cell Looked at a thin slice of cork under a microscope Observed hollow, tiny, room like structures Only saw the cell wall because cork cells are not alive Called “cells” because they resemble rooms Robert Hooke

The Cell Theory Cells are the fundamental unit of life All organisms are composed of cells All cells come from preexisting cells

Two Different Types of Cells Prokaryotic Cells Means “before a nucleus” Domains Bacteria and Archaea Can live in environmental extremes Live off diverse energy sources Eukaryotic Cells Means “possessing a true nucleus” Domain Eukarya – Animals, fungi, plants, and protists Genetic material (DNA) is contained in the nucleus

Who looked into a microscope and saw the first cell? 1.James Watson 2.Robert Hooke 3.Charles Darwin 4.Gregor Mendel

Great Job It Was Robert Hooke!!

Prokaryotic Cells Means “before a nucleus” Domains Bacteria and Archaea Can live in environmental extremes Live off diverse energy sources

Prokaryotic Structures Cytoplasm – A liquid material that particles are suspended in Ribosomes – Site of protein synthesis – Located in cytoplasm Nucleoid – Contains hereditary material (DNA) of the cell – Located in cytoplasm

Prokaryotic Structures Plasma membrane – Encloses the cell – Regulates material into and out of cell Cell Wall – Supports cell and determines its shape Capsule – Slime layer – Protects – Helps to not dry out – Helps attach to other cells

Prokaryotic Structures Flagella – Used to swim/move – Spins like a propeller or whip like Pilli – Hair or threadlike structures – Help stick to other cells for mating or animal cells for food and protection

Eukaryotic Cells Means “possessing a true nucleus” Domain Eukarya – Animals, fungi, plants, and protists Genetic material (DNA) is contained in the nucleus Are larger and more complex than prokaryotes

Plant Cell vs. Animal Cell Plant Cell (square or rectangular in shape) Nucleus Nucleolus Mitochondria Golgi apparatus Rough endoplasmic reticulum Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Ribosomes Plasma membrane Peroxisome Plasmodesmata Chloroplast Cell Wall Vacuole Animal Cell (circular in shape) Nucleus Nucleolus Mitochondria Golgi apparatus Rough endoplasmic reticulum Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Ribosomes Plasma membrane Peroxisome Cytoskeleton Centrioles Lysosome Nuclear pore Nuclear envelope Microtubules

Which is NOT a eukaryote? 1.Fungi 2.Animal 3.Bacteria 4.Protist

Awesome!!! A bacteria is a prokaryote.

Structures of plant and animal cells Nucleus – “brain” of the cell – Contains most of the genetic material (DNA) of the cell Nucleous – A region within the nucleus – Assemble ribosomes from RNA and specific proteins Mitochondria – “power house” or power plant of the cell

Structures of plant and animal cells Golgi apparatus – Process and package proteins Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) – Site of protein synthesis – Are rough because they contain ribosomes Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) – Modifies synthesized proteins – Does not contain ribosomes

Structures of plant and animal cells Ribosomes – Manufacture proteins Plasma membrane – Separates the cell from its environment – Regulates material into and out of cell Peroxisome – Break down peroxides

Plant Cell Plasmodesmata – Allow direct communication between plant cells Chloroplast – Collect sunlight to make sugars – Process of photosynthesis

Plant Cell Cell Wall – Supports the cell Vacuole – Filled with liquid solutions and many dissolved substances – Used for Storage Structure Reproduction Digestion

Animal Cell Cytoskeleton – Maintains cell shape and support – Provides various types of cellular movement Centrioles – Help with nuclear division Lysosome – Contain digestive enzymes – Site for breaking down of foreign objects and food taken in by the cell

Animal Cell Nuclear pore – Connects the interior of the nucleus with the cytoplasm Nuclear envelope – Two membranes that protect the cell Microtubles – Act as the framework that motor proteins can move structures in the cell

Video Time!!!!

Bibliography Pictures structure-of-cork-and Video Information Life the Science of Biology: Seventh Edition by William K. Purves, David Sadava, Gordon H. Orians, and H. Craig Heller