Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. Discovering cells Objectives 1. State what cells are. 2. Explain how the invention of the microscope contributed to scientist understanding of living things. 3. State the cell theory. Key terms: cell, microscope, cell theory. - Discovering Cells Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.

Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. - Discovering Cells Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.

Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. An Overview of cells -Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. -Cell structure and function -Structure- how the organism is put together. -Function-how it’s processes are carried out. -Cells are many and small - Discovering Cells Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.

Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. - Discovering Cells Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.

Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. First Observations of cells -Around 1590 the microscope was invented. -The invention of the microscope made it possible for people to discover and learn about cells. -Microscope: an instrument that magnifies images. -In 1663 Robert Hooke observed cork cells -Anton van Leeuwenhoek observed unicellular organisms - Discovering Cells Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.

Development of the Cell Theory - Discovering Cells Development of the Cell Theory

Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. Development of the cell theory - Schieden, Schwann, Virchow -In the 1800’s Schieden, Schwann, Virchow contributed to knowledge about cells - Discovering Cells Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.

Sequencing - Discovering Cells Construct a flowchart showing how the work of Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow contributed to scientific understanding of cells. Discovering Cells Hooke sees cells in cork. Leeuwenhoek sees many one-celled organisms. Schleiden concludes that all plants are made of cells. Schwann concludes that all animals (and all living things) are made of cells. Virchow proposes that new cells form only from cells that already exist.

Development of the Cell Theory - Discovering Cells Development of the Cell Theory The cell theory says: All living things are composed of cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. All cells are produced from other cells.

Magnification and Lenses - Discovering Cells Magnification and Lenses The lenses in light microscopes magnify an object by bending the light that passes through them.

- Discovering Cells Compound Microscope

Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. - Discovering Cells Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. Electron Microscope

Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. - Discovering Cells Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.

Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. - Discovering Cells Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.

End of Section: Discovering Cells http://www.phschool.com/atschool/phsciexp/active_art/plant_and_animal_cells/index.html

Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. Looking Inside Cells Objectives Identify the role of the cell wall and the cell membrane in the cell 2. What are the functions of cell organelles? 3. How are cells organized in multicellular organisms How do bacterial cells differ from plant and animal cells? Key terms: Organelle, cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, golgibody, chloroplast, Vacuoles, Lysosomes - Discovering Cells Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. http://www.phschool.com/atschool/phsciexp/active_art/plant_and_animal_cells/index.html http://www.phschool.com/webcodes10/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.gotoWebCode&wcprefix=cep&wcsuffix=3012

End of Section: Discovering Cells

End of Section: Discovering Cells

End of Section: Discovering Cells

End of Section: Discovering Cells

End of Section: Discovering Cells

End of Section: Discovering Cells

Nucleus - Looking Inside Cells The nucleus is the cell’s control center, directing all of the cell’s activities.

Nucleus - Looking Inside Cells The nucleus is the cell’s control center, directing all of the cell’s activities.

Mitochondrion - Looking Inside Cells Mitochondria are known as the “powerhouses” of the cell because they convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions.

Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. - Discovering Cells Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.

Endoplasmic Reticulum - Looking Inside Cells Endoplasmic Reticulum The endoplasmic reticulum is similar to the system of hallways in a building. Proteins and other materials move throughout the cell by way of the endoplasmic reticulum. The spots on this organelle are ribosomes, which produce proteins.

Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. - Discovering Cells Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.

Golgi Body - Looking Inside Cells The Golgi bodies receive proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, package them, and distribute them to other parts of the cell.

Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. - Discovering Cells Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.

Plant and Animal Cells Activity - Looking Inside Cells Plant and Animal Cells Activity Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about plant and animal cells.

Plant and Animal Cells Activity - Looking Inside Cells Plant and Animal Cells Activity Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about plant and animal cells.

Plant and Animal Cells Activity - Looking Inside Cells Plant and Animal Cells Activity Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about plant and animal cells.

Plant and Animal Cells Activity - Looking Inside Cells Plant and Animal Cells Activity Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about plant and animal cells.

- Looking Inside Cells Plant and Animal Cells

Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. - Discovering Cells Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.

Plant and Animal Cells Activity - Looking Inside Cells Plant and Animal Cells Activity Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about plant and animal cells.

Plant and Animal Cells Activity - Looking Inside Cells Plant and Animal Cells Activity Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about plant and animal cells.

Plant and Animal Cells Activity - Looking Inside Cells Plant and Animal Cells Activity Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about plant and animal cells.

Plant and Animal Cells Activity - Looking Inside Cells Plant and Animal Cells Activity Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about plant and animal cells.

Plant and Animal Cells Activity - Looking Inside Cells Plant and Animal Cells Activity Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about plant and animal cells.

Previewing Visuals - Looking Inside Cells Before you read, preview Figure 12. Then write two questions you have about the illustrations in a graphic organizer like the one below. As you read, answer your questions. Plant and Animal Cells Q. How are animal cells different from plant cells? A. Plants cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts, which animal cells do not have. Q. What do mitochondria do? A. Mitochondria convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use.

- Looking Inside Cells

End of Section: Looking Inside Cells

End of Section: Looking Inside Cells

Elements and Compounds - Chemical Compounds in Cells Elements and Compounds Carbon dioxide, which is found in gas bubbles, is a chemical compound. So is water.

Water and Living Things - Chemical Compounds in Cells Water and Living Things About two-thirds of the human body is water.

Compounds in Bacteria and Mammals - Chemical Compounds in Cells Compounds in Bacteria and Mammals All cells contain carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, as well as water and other inorganic compounds. But do all cells contain the same percentages of these compounds? The graph compares the percentage of some compounds found in a bacterial cell and a cell from a mammal.

Compounds in Bacteria and Mammals - Chemical Compounds in Cells Compounds in Bacteria and Mammals Reading Graphs: What do the red bars represent? What do the blue bars represent? Red bars represent percentages of compounds in bacterial cells; blue bars represent percentages of compounds in mammalian cells.

Compounds in Bacteria and Mammals - Chemical Compounds in Cells Compounds in Bacteria and Mammals Interpreting Data: What percentage of a mammalian cell is made up of water? How does this compare to the percentage of water in a bacterial cell? About 70%; the percentages are the same.

Compounds in Bacteria and Mammals - Chemical Compounds in Cells Compounds in Bacteria and Mammals Interpreting Data: Which kind of compound–proteins or nucleic acids–makes up the larger percentage of a mammalian cell? Proteins

Compounds in Bacteria and Mammals - Chemical Compounds in Cells Compounds in Bacteria and Mammals Drawing Conclusions: In general, how do a bacterial cell and mammalian cell compare in their chemical composition? They are similar, though mammalian cells have a lower percentage of nucleic acids, and bacterial cells have a lower percentage of lipids and fewer proteins.

Graphic Organizer Organic Compounds Carbo-hydrates Nucleic acids types made of include Organic Compounds Carbo-hydrates Nucleic acids Lipids Proteins Fats, oils, and waxes Amino acids Sugars Starches DNA RNA

Comparing and Contrasting - Chemical Compounds in Cells Comparing and Contrasting As you read, compare and contrast carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids in a table like the one below. Type of Compound Elements Functions Store and provide energy and make up cellular parts Carbohydrate Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Make up much of the structure of cells and speed up chemical reactions Protein Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur Lipid Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Store energy

Click the SciLinks button for links on proteins. - Chemical Compounds in Cells Links on Proteins Click the SciLinks button for links on proteins.

End of Section: Chemical Compounds in Cells

Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. The Cell in its environment Objectives Describe how most molecules cross the cell membrane. 2. Explain why osmosis is important to cells. Tell the difference between passive and active transport. Key terms: Selectively permeable, diffusion, osmosis, passive transport, active transport - Discovering Cells Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.

Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. Selectively permeable: Some substances and pass through the cell membrane while others cannot. - Discovering Cells Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.

Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. Diffusion Diffusion is the main method by which small molecules move across the cell membrane. Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. - Discovering Cells Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.

Ratios - The Cell in Its Environment The concentration of a solution can be expressed as a ratio. A ratio compares two numbers. It tells you how much you have of one item in comparison to another. For example, suppose you dissolve 5 g of sugar in 1 L of water. You can express the concentration of the solution in ratio form as 5 g:1 L, or 5 g/L. Practice Problem Suppose you dissolve 7 g of salt in 1 L of water. Express the concentration of the solution as a ratio. 7 g:1 L or 7 g/L

Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. What causes diffusion? Diffusion of oxygen - Discovering Cells Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.

Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. Osmosis Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane. Many cellular processes depend on osmosis. - Discovering Cells Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.

Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. -Osmosis by diffusion, and the effects of osmosis. - Discovering Cells Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.

Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. Active and Passive transport - Discovering Cells Links on Cell Theory -Passive and active transport are two processes by which materials pass through the cell membrane. -Active transport requires the cell to use its own energy, while passive transport does not. -Transport protein -Transport by engulfing -Why cells are small Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.

More on Cellular Transport - The Cell in Its Environment More on Cellular Transport Click the PHSchool.com button for an activity about cellular transport.