REPRODUCTION Sexual and Asexual

Reproduction Reproduction – the process of living things producing the same type of living thing. Examples – horses produce horses, humans produce humans, and tomato plants produce tomatoes. * Like produces like. There are two types of reproduction: asexual and sexual

Asexual Reproduction Living things that reproduce from only one parent. Examples: Regeneration, budding, and cellular division.

Advantages of Asexual Reproduction: animals that live in one place & unable to look for mates reproduce asexually. numerous offspring can be produced without a great amount of energy or time. One single organism can start new colonies in new locations. Mating partners are not needed to be found. More reliable (less to go wrong in cell division)

Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction: Species may not be able to adapt to a changing environment

Regeneration

Regeneration (before)

Regeneration ( after)

Crown of Thorns Story

Regeneration ( ex. starfish)

Can humans regenerate body parts by asexual reproduction?

Regeneration (ex. Planaria)

Budding (ex: Hydra)

Cellular Division (also called Binary Fission) Protozoa

Binary Fission (ex. paramecium)

Binary Fission (ex. bacteria)

Asexual Reproduction in Plants Propagation-transplanting parts of a plant to a new growing area (ex. Rhizomes, runners, bulb formation, rooting from stems) Budding-tiny bud growing off parent plant (ex. Potato “eyes”, branches budding) Spores-reproductive cells that produce a new organism (ex. Ferns, mushrooms, molds)

Propagation

Plant Budding

Spores

Sexual Reproduction Sexual reproduction usually requires two parents (partners). Examples: frogs, deer, bats, humans, and flowers.

Surinam Toad

Advantages of Sexual Reproduction: The offspring will be different than its parents. This allows the species to adapt to its surroundings.

Galapagos Finches

Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction: Often slower than asexual reproduction, and less reliable (more mutations, problems) Much energy is used in mating processes Can’t always find suitable mate

TWO TYPES OF REPRODUCTION 1. Internal Fertilization 2. External Fertilization

Internal Fertilization Conjugation- Sexual reproduction between microscopic organisms Asexual budding

External Fertilization Sex cells are dispersed out of the body in water Examples: fish, salamanders, jellyfish

Meiosis Produces sex cells only (sperm or egg cells) Takes place in the reproductive organs of organisms that reproduce sexually.