© 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers The Skilled Reader (Updated Edition) by D. J. Henry Chapter 7: Outlines and Concept Maps PowerPoint Presentation by Gretchen Starks-Martin St. Cloud State University, MN

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Outlines  An outline shows the relationships among the main idea, major supporting details, and minor supporting details of a paragraph or passage.  An author often uses signal words to indicate that a supporting detail is coming.

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Words that Signal the Topic Sentence or Central Idea  A few causes  A few effects  A few factors  A few reasons  A few steps  A number of  A series of  Among the results  Several advantages  Several kinds of  Several steps

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Words that Signal Each New Detail in a Paragraph.  Additionally  Also  Another  Finally  First  First of all  Furthermore  In addition  Last of all  Moreover  Next  One  Second  Third

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Sample Outline Form I. Main idea A. Major detail 1. Minor detail A. Major detail 1. Minor detail

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Complete an outline for this passage: The Wal-Mart Factor Wal-Mart has dramatically changed the retail business based on several factors. First, Wal-Mart sells items at a much lower cost than malls and neighborhood shops can. Wal-Mart is able to buy goods at lower cost by buying in bulk. Then, the company passes the lower prices on to the customer. Second, Wal-Mart puts many neighborhood shops out of business. Third, Wal-Mart builds large stores to house a wide variety of goods that includes everything from toys to furniture. The neighborhood shops do not have the space to carry the variety of goods that Wal-Mart can stock. Thus, Wal-Mart has changed shopping into a money-saving and one-stop shopping trip.

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Example  Main Idea: Wal-Mart has dramatically changed the retail business based on several factors.  Question: What are several factors that Wal-Mart has used to change the retail business?

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Example  Major Supporting Details: –Sells items at lower cost –Puts neighborhood shops out of business –Builds large stores to house wide variety of goods  Signal Words for Major Supporting Details: –First, Second, Third

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Concept Maps  A concept map is a diagram that shows the flow of ideas from the main idea to the supporting details. Overcome the “blahs” in two basic ways. Eat rightGet active

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Table of Contents  The table of contents of a textbook is a special kind of outline that is based on topics and subtopics.  A skilled reader examines the table of contents of a textbook to understand how the author has organized the information and where it can be found.  Examine the table of contents of your current textbooks.

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Chapter Review 1. An outline shows the relationships among the main idea, major supporting details, and minor supporting details. 2. An author often uses signal words to introduce a main idea. 3. An author often uses signal words to indicate than a supporting detail is coming.

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Chapter Review 4. A formal outline uses Roman numerals to indicate the main idea, capital letters to indicate the major details, and Arabic numbers to indicate the minor details. 5. A concept map is a diagram that shows the flow of ideas from the main idea to the supporting details.

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Complete the Applications, Review Tests, and Mastery Tests for Chapter 7.