PENICILLIN Faculty of chemistry, VUT Brno Markéta Benešová, Markéta Zajícová

What is it? One of the earliest discovered and widely used antibiotic derived from the Penicillium mold Antibiotics are natural substances originally producted by fungi Vocabulary: derived = odvozené

HISTORY 1928 – discover – Alexander Fleming (1945 Nobel prize in medicine) 1939 – Howard Walter Florey and his team of researches – showed in vivo bactericidal action of penicillin 1942 – Orvan Hess – first succesfully treat patient using penicillin

History During world war II – Penicillin saved many people 1940 – determined by Dorothy Crowfoot Hodkin Florey and Chain discoverred a method of mass producting a drug (Nobel prize)

Chemical structure Refers to a group of β-lactam antibioticsRefers to a group of β-lactam antibiotics Penicillin has a rare Penam Skeleton (general formula: R- C9H11N2O4S)Penicillin has a rare Penam Skeleton (general formula: R- C9H11N2O4S)

How did Alexander Fleming discover penicillin? He found in his laboratory a lot of unwashed Petri´s saucer where bacteria growed. He put saucers into the washing solution and he discover that pleat in one Petri´s saucer destroyed bacteria- staphy lococcus This blue pleat belonged to kind of penicillium. vocabulary: Pleat = řasa

Variants in clinical use Benzathine benzylpenicillin – for after– treatment, long time of incidence(18days) Benzylpenicillin (penicillin G) – for major infections Phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V) – for streptococcus, only in tablets Procaine benzylpenicillin – only in injection form

Adverse effects  Adverse drug reactions diarrhea, nausea, rash, urticaria,  Infrequent adverse effects fever, vomiting, erythhema,dermatitis,  Pain and inflammation at the injection site is also common for parenterally  Allergic reactions Vocabulary: adverse = nepříznivý fever = horečka diarrhea = průjem erythema = zarudnutí kůže rash = vyrážka inflammation = zápal, zánět urticaria = kopřivka

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