Transforming Data into Information.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Transforming Data into Information lesson 7 This lesson includes the following sections: How Computers Represent Data How Computers Process Data Factors.
Advertisements

1 Chapter 2 The Digital World. 2 Digital Data Representation.
Digital Data Representation
SECTION 4a Transforming Data into Information.
Processing Data.
Chapter 3 Data Representation.
Introduction to Computers and Programming. Some definitions Algorithm: –A procedure for solving a problem –A sequence of discrete steps that defines such.
Chapter 3 Data Representation. Chapter goals Describe numbering systems and their use in data representation Compare and contrast various data representation.
Chapter 2 Processing Data Peter Norton’s Introduction to Computers
Introduction to Computers and Programming. Some definitions Algorithm: Algorithm: A procedure for solving a problem A procedure for solving a problem.
Data Representation (in computer system) Computer Fundamental CIM2460 Bavy LI.
Number Systems & Logic Gates Day 1
CISC1400: Binary Numbers & Computer Fall 2011, Dr. Zhang 1.
Lesson 3 — How a Computer Processes Data
Representing text Each of different symbol on the text (alphabet letter) is assigned a unique bit patterns the text is then representing as.
Computing Higher - Unit 1… Computer Systems 1 Higher Computing Unit 1 – Topic 1 Data Representation.
Bits & Bytes: How Computers Represent Data
Computer Processing of Data
Technology in Focus: Under the Hood
Data Representation S2. This unit covers how the computer represents- Numbers Text Graphics Control.
Chapter 2 Computer Hardware
Copyright © 2003 by Prentice Hall Module 5 Central Processing Unit 1. Binary representation of data 2. The components of the CPU 3. CPU and Instruction.
Foundations of Computer Science Computing …it is all about Data Representation, Storage, Processing, and Communication of Data 10/4/20151CS 112 – Foundations.
Binary Arithmetic & Data representation
Computer Structure & Architecture 7c - Data Representation.
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Living in a Digital World Chapter Three.
Computer Programming I. Today’s Lecture  Components of a computer  Program  Programming language  Binary representation.
Binary Code.
What do computers know?  All they really know is on or off.  Kind of like a light switch  Computers aren’t nearly as smart as you are!
Computers Are Your Future Eleventh Edition Chapter 2: Inside the System Unit Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall1.
1 INFORMATION IN DIGITAL DEVICES. 2 Digital Devices Most computers today are composed of digital devices. –Process electrical signals. –Can only have.
The Central Processing Unit: What Goes on Inside the Computer
Logical Circuit Design Week 2,3: Fundamental Concepts in Computer Science, Binary Logic, Number Systems Mentor Hamiti, MSc Office: ,
Lesson 3 — How a Computer Processes Data Unit 1 — Computer Basics.
CISC1100: Binary Numbers Fall 2014, Dr. Zhang 1. Numeral System 2  A way for expressing numbers, using symbols in a consistent manner.  " 11 " can be.
Data Representation, Number Systems and Base Conversions
CSCI-100 Introduction to Computing Hardware Part I.
Binary System Presented by Mr. Wilhelmi Internal Representation of Data Input Input  Data that is put into the computer for processing Data Data  The.
Data Representation. What is data? Data is information that has been translated into a form that is more convenient to process As information take different.
Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Technology Education Chapter 5A Transforming Data Into Information.
Communicationcommunication Created by- Upendra Sharma.
The Computer System.
Computer Number System
M204 - Data Representation
Data Representation. How is data stored on a computer? Registers, main memory, etc. consists of grids of transistors Transistors are in one of two states,
ASCII AND EBCDIC CODES By : madam aisha.
Nguyen Le CS147.  2.4 Signed Integer Representation  – Signed Magnitude  – Complement Systems  – Unsigned Versus Signed Numbers.
CHAPTER 1 COMPUTER SCIENCE II. HISTORY OF COMPUTERS (1.1) Eniac- one of the worlds first computers Used more electricity than an entire city block of.
A+ Computer Repair Lesson 3: Number System. Objectives Define binary, decimal, octal, and hexadecimal numbering systems. Define binary, decimal, octal,
IC 3 BASICS, Internet and Computing Core Certification Computing Fundamentals Lesson 2 How Does a Computer Process Data?
Fall’ 2014 Lesson - 1 Number System & Program Design CSE 101.
Understanding Computers
CSE 101 Lesson - 1 Number System & Program Design Sonia corraya (SOC)
Fall’ 2014 Number System CSE Number System How Computers Represent Data Binary Numbers The Binary Number System Bits and Bytes Text Codes Binary.
THE CODING SYSTEM FOR REPRESENTING DATA IN COMPUTER.
Computer Hardware. 7/23/2016M. Eyadat2 Objectives –Explain why most computers are digital –Describe the role of the ALU –List factors that affect performance.
1.4 Representation of data in computer systems Character.
Binary and Hard Disk PEOPLE Program
Understanding binary Understanding Computers.
Computer Science II Chapter 1.
Chapter 2 – Computer hardware
Chapter 2 Bits, Data Types & Operations Integer Representation
Ch2: Data Representation
Plan Attendance Files Posted on Campus Cruiser Homework Reminder
How Computers Store Data
Transforming Data into Information
Chapter 3 - Binary Numbering System
Introduction to Computers
CHAPTER 69 NUMBER SYSTEMS AND CODES
Presentation transcript:

Transforming Data into Information

This lesson includes the following sections: How Computers Represent Data How Computers Process Data

How Computers Represent Data Binary Numbers The Binary Number System Bits and Bytes Text Codes

How Computers Represent Data – Binary Numbers Computer processing is performed by transistors, which are switches with only two possible states: on and off. All computer data is converted to a series of binary numbers – 1 and 0. For example, you see a sentence as a collection of letters, but the computer sees each letter as a collection of 1s and 0s. If a transistor is assigned a value of 1, it is on. If it has a value of 0, it is off. A computer's transistors can be switched on and off millions of times each second.

The Binary Number System 1 2 10 3 11 4 100 5 101 6 110 7 111 8 1000 9 Base 10 Base 2 1 2 10 3 11 4 100 5 101 6 110 7 111 8 1000 9 1001 1010 To convert data into strings of numbers, computers use the binary number system. Humans use the decimal system (“deci” stands for “ten”). The binary number system works the same way as the decimal system, but has only two available symbols (0 and 1) rather than ten (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9).

Different Number Representations Algorithms are central to computing, and are well defined procedures for solving problems. Any algorithm involves operations on symbols (representations) over some domain. There can be NO operation without a representation. Our adopted number notation has (1) a base of 10 (determines the magnitude of a place). (2) the value of a digit depends on its position (digit x Baseposition) (3) is restricted to 10 re-usable digits the 5 in 25 = 5 x 100 = 5 the 5 in 51 = 5 x 101 = 50 the 5 in 4538 = 5 x 102 = 500

Representations and Operations Given the adoption of the Hindu-Arabic representation of numbers, this defines the algorithms for performing operations. For instance the addition of 2 digits which overflows the representation, causes a "carry" to occur, and this is an increment of the digit in the next place value. the Roman number system doesn't use place value relies on a repetition of symbols, eg. CCLXXXII for 282. the order of the digits had no meaning (originally). With this representation what was the operation of addition?

110(binary) = 1 x 22 + 1 x 21 + 0 x 20 = 6(decimal) Binary Representations and Operations The representation in binary follows the same rules as decimal. 110(binary) = 1 x 22 + 1 x 21 + 0 x 20 = 6(decimal) Binary Arithmetic Operation using binary are the same as decimal, but with the following simple rules. 0 + 0 = 0 0 + 1 = 1 1 + 0 = 1 1 + 1 = 0 with a carry of 1

1 = 6 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 = 7 1 1 = 13 Binary Addition Decimal Addition = 6 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 = 7 1 1 = 13 Why use a binary system in a computer?

Reliability and Binary Systems We use binary because we can more reliably engineer computer systems. Binary data is represented by the state of a electrical switches. Switches have only two states, on or off, measured as a high voltage or a low voltage. Decimal data would require an electrical device capable of consistently differentiating between ten states. A less reliable system. Babbage had the same problems with his “mechanical” computers. Precision machining of “decimal” cogs was difficult.

How Computers Represent Data - Bits and Bytes A single unit of data is called a bit, having a value of 1 or 0. Computers work with collections of bits, grouping them to represent larger pieces of data, such as letters of the alphabet. Eight bits make up one byte. A byte is the amount of memory needed to store one alphanumeric character. With one byte, the computer can represent one of 256 different symbols or characters. .

1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

How Computers Represent Data - Text Codes A text code is a system that uses binary numbers (1s and 0s) to represent characters understood by humans (letters and numerals). An early text code system, called EBCDIC, uses eight-bit codes, but is used primarily in older mainframe systems. In the most common text-code set, ASCII, each character consists of eight bits (one byte) of data. ASCII is used in nearly all personal computers. In the Unicode text-code set, each character consists of 16 bits (two bytes) of data.

Examples from the ASCII Text Code Character 00110000 00110001 1 00110010 2 00110011 3 00110100 4 00110101 5 01000001 A 01000010 B 01000011 C 01000100 D 01000101 E Examples from the ASCII Text Code

How Computers Process Data Where Processing Occurs: The Control Unit The Arithmetic Logic Unit Machine Cycles

How Computers Process Data – Where Processing Occurs Processing takes place in the PC's central processing unit (CPU). The system's memory also plays a crucial role in processing data. Both the CPU and memory are attached to the system's motherboard, which connects all the computer's devices together, enabling them to communicate.