European Exploration and Colonization

What European country explored and settled the Caribbean, Central America, and South America? Spain

For what two reasons did Englishmen settle in North America? Religious Freedom Economic Opportunity

What religious group settled New England? The Puritans

What was another name for the Church of England? The Anglican Church

What was the major reason for the settlement of New England? Religious Freedom

Who settled at Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620? The Separatists commonly called the Pilgrims

What agreement signed by the male settlers at Plymouth helped establish the notion of self-government in the Americas? The Mayflower Compact

Who settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony? The Puritans

How did the Puritans get their name? The Puritans wanted to purify or reform the Anglican Church.

What was the basic unit of the Massachusetts Bay Colony? The Church Congregation Each congregation established a Town

Where did the Puritans practice a form of direct democracy? At Town Meetings

Which colony did the Pilgrims settle? Plymouth

What three European groups chiefly settled the Middle Atlantic region? English Dutch Germans

What was the major reason for the settlement of Virginia and the other Southern colonies? Economic Opportunity

Who founded the Virginia colony as a business venture? The Virginia Company of London

Who were the English nobility who received large land grants in Virginia from the King of England and helped settle the colony? Cavaliers

Define indentured servant? A person who agreed to work a certain number of years in exchange for payment of his passage to America.

What was the first English attempt at a colony in the New World? Roanoke

What was the first permanent English settlement in North America? Jamestown

What became the cash crop of the Virginia colony? Tobacco

What was the first elected assembly (lawmaking body) in the New World? The House of Burgesses

With what colony does one associate the Cavaliers? Virginia

Where did many poor English immigrants settle in the Virginia colony? In the Shenandoah Valley or western Virginia

What regions of the Western Hemisphere did the Spanish explore and settle? The Caribbean Central America South America

What region of the Western Hemisphere did the French explore? Canada

Who had better relations with the First Americans, the British or the French?

How did English colonization affect the American Indians? Lost territory Died from European diseases, especially smallpox

What group did Europeans force to come to the Americas? Africans

Name four characteristics of the economy of the New England colonies? Shipbuilding Fishing Lumbering Subsistence Farming

Name three characteristics of the economy of the Middle Colonies? Shipbuilding Small farms Trading

What was the economic basis of the Southern colonies? Cash crops raised on large Plantations

Subsistence farming Hunting Trading What formed the basis of the economy of the Southern colonies in the mountains and valleys of the Appalachian foothills? Subsistence farming Hunting Trading

What were the three cash crops of the Southern colonies? Tobacco Rice Indigo

What were the two cash crops in South Carolina? Rice Indigo

Which English colonies believed in private property and free enterprise (profit)? ALL

What trade pattern brought Africans to the English colonies? The Triangular Trade

What was the name of the forced voyage of African slaves from their homes to the New World? The Middle Passage

The main reasons Africans died during the Middle Passage was because of crowded and unsanitary conditions led to disease and death

According to the SOL, what were the 3 points in the Triangular Trade? The New England Colonies The West Indies Africa

To what major conflict did the Southern colonies’ slavery-based agricultural economy eventually lead? The Civil War

Slave rebellions occurred in the British colonies because harsh laws were passed to control slaves

What two African American slaves led slave rebellions? Gabriel Prosser and Nat Turner

What does religious tolerance mean? Freedom of Religion

What religious group settled Pennsylvania? Quakers

What religious group settled Maryland? Roman Catholics

What two groups of colonists generally believed in religious tolerance? Quakers Roman Catholics

What is the term that describes British neglect of its colonies which actually resulted in economic growth and prosperity for the colonies? Salutary neglect

What are the eastern lowlands of the Atlantic Coastal Plain called? Tidewater

What was the background of the small farmers, hunters, and traders in the mountains and valleys of the inland South? Scotch-Irish English

What religious movement swept the American colonies in the mid-1700s? The Great Awakening

Name two important leaders of the Great Awakening? George Whitefield Jonathan Edwards

What two denominations grew rapidly as a result of the Great Awakening? Baptists Methodists

What religious movement of the mid-18th century preached “fire and brimstone” sermons to encourage spiritual rebirth? The Great Awakening

What did the Great Awakening challenge? The religious order of the colonies The governmental order of the colonies