Unit One: American Literature in the Settlement Period

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Presentation transcript:

Unit One: American Literature in the Settlement Period THE NEW WORLD

The New World 35,000-8,000 BC-Mongolian tribes cross Bering Land Bridge-migrate into N & S America Polynesian tribes cross Pacific on rafts-reach S. America

The Bering Sea

Native Americans Native Americans had diverse and advanced cultures Maya, Aztec, Toltec, Inca—all advanced cultures in C. and S. America Most cultures did not have written languages Cultures rich in myth and oral literature

Native American Oral Literature Oral tradition/oral literature Oral Lit-passed down by mouth Myths, chants, prayers, stories, histories Entertain, educate, pass on culture

Myths and Mythology Traditional stories passed down Explain nature or human nature Teach moral/religious lessons Usually have gods and goddesses Contain supernatural Old an modern Mythology-collected myths or beliefs

First Contact Vikings land in Newfoundland and Labrador Viking deep-sea fisherman and explorers First recorded contact-Leif Erikssen-c. 1000 AD

Marco Polo An explorer who followed his father’s trade route Route was overland to China Brought back silk, spices, exotic goods Opened up the West to the East Wrote about his travels Made search for sea trade route desirable

Christopher Columbus Set sail in 1492 Sailed west in hopes of finding trade route to China and the East Indies Landed on Hispaniola/Santo Domingo-1492 Made two other expeditions-found no gold

Reasons for Exploration of the New World Far East trade route Gold Claim land/subjects for the king Adventure Jobs (ships, fishing) Fame and favor Fountain of Youth/cure for diseases/Paradise

Reasons for Settlement of the New World Gold Land-to claim for king and for personal use Opportunity-work, food, ownership Adventure Money-making Jobs Escape from religious persecution Escape jail time Fame

St. Augustine (FL) 1565 First permanent settlement in the US Spanish founded it Near site of “Fountain of Youth” Colony and military outpost Protected Spanish gold shipments fr. C. & S. America from pirates

Jamestown (VA) 1607 First permanent English settlement in US Founded by the London Co. Money-making venture Captain John Smith/Pocahantas Tobacco-cash crop

Plymouth (MA) 1620 Established by Pilgrims (Puritans) Escape religious persecution & cultural pollution in Europe & England “City on a Hill” Example to the world on how to live

Important Dates 1492-Columbus lands in NW 1565-Spanish est St. Augustine 1585-Roanoke VA “Lost Colony 1607-English est Jamestown VA 1619-First African slaves to US 1620-Puritans est Plymouth MA 1630-Mass Bay Col-”Great Migration”3 1635-First public school in US in Boston 1636-Harvard Univ est in Boston 1690-Slavery in all colonies 1692-Salem Witch Trials-20 die 1739-1745 “Great Awakening”

The Puritans One of many religious, Protestant sects Wanted to “purify”the Church of England Was the ruling party in England after Reformation Denounced after Restoration of monarchy Persecuted under “Bloody Mary”/ James I

Puritan Beliefs Plainness Divine Mission Bible-based laws Grace “Original Sin” Physical purgation of sin Education for all

Puritan Beliefs Public confession of sin The “Elect” Puritan Work Ethic Devil Incarnate Cleanliness Democratic government

Puritan Influence in America Writing-Plain Style Work ethic Sense of morality Example to the world Plainness-dress and worship styles Democracy

The Wilderness Major influence on life in colonies Forced colonists to be inventive/creative Lived closer to nature than Europeans Room to grow/resources Hard to govern-law and order

Differences Between Northern and Southern Settlement Styles Poorer soil Colder climate Shorter growing season Largely Puritans Small land grants/small farms Tight communities built around a “commons” area Very interdependent Southern Better soil Warmer climate Longer growing season-cash crops Largely Church of Eng Large land grants-plantations-slave labor Widely dispersed settlements Very independent

Puritan Literature Plain style-simple words in clear order (“smooth,clear, short) God-centered Spiritual Autobiographies Poetry No plays or fiction

Pictures