Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Spreading S. Thevanayagam, UB Research Kickoff Meeting Nov. 19, 2005, RPI PI – R. Dobry, co-PI’s: A. Elgamal, S. Thevanayagam, T. Abdoun, M. Zeghal Acknowledgements: Kanagalingam, N. Ecemis

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Introduction a. UB 1-g Tests b. Schedule Laminar Box Strong Floor-Shaking a. Preparations, Progress & Schedule b. Strong Floor, Actuators, Shaking, Logistics, Safety Sand Construction – Plans & progress a. Sand Hydraulic Filling – Preparations and progress b. Dry runs – Preparations & fine tuning equipment c. Sand CPT Testing – plans Year-1 Test Plans & Schedule a. Tests & Instrumentation – preliminary plans b. Coordination & integration b. Data Acquisition & IT (preliminary) Equipment & Instrumentation - Progress Summary Outline

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 5.0 m 2.75 m 6.2 m SECTIONAL VIEW PLAN Shaking Frame on Strong Floor Pile ( Test 1A : High EI pile, Test 1B : Low EI pile)  =2 or 3 deg. F#55 Sand, Dr~45% 3.35 m 5.6 m 2-D Laminar Box (24 Laminates) Ball Bearings Task 1: Single Pile (Tests 1 & 2) (shaking in perpendicular directions)

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Task 1: Group Pile (Tests 3 and 4) (shaking in perpendicular directions) Task 1 Total Tests: 4 Yr-1: Test #1 Yr-1: Test #1 Yr-2: Tests #2 and 3 Yr-2: Tests #2 and 3 Yr-3: Test #4 Yr-3: Test #4

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Year-1 Schedule ( )

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Year-1 Schedule ( )

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Modular Multilayer-Laminate-Bearing Design; 5.0x2.75x6.2m (85 cubic meter maximum capacity) Simulate 2-D Ground Response for Soil- Foundation-Structure Interaction Studies at or Near Full Scale 1-g Geotechnical Studies to Compliment Centrifuge 2-D Large Scale Geotechnical Laminar Box - Details

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Laminar Box Details

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 2-D Large Scale Geotechnical Laminar Box

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Bearing & I-Beam Assembly

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Interlaminate Bearings

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 2-D Laminar Box – Strong Floor - Shaking Reaction Wall Strong Floor 2D-Bearings Fast Actuator ( ton)

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Dynamic Actuators & Controllers – For Laminar Box Shaking 3 x 100 tons Dynamic Actuators (0-100Hz, 1.25 m/sec, 800 gpm valves)

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Large Dynamic and Static Actuators and Controllers 3 x 100 tons Dynamic Actuators (0-100Hz) 2 x 200 tons Static Actuators Flex-Test Controllers and Software STS Controller (MTS469) – Custom Made

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 2-D Large Scale Geotechnical Laminar Box Reaction Wall Strong Floor 2D-Bearings Fast Actuator ( ton)

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Laminar Box – Strong Floor Shaking Setup

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Laminar Box – Strong Floor Modification PLAN VIEW

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Strong Floor – Bearing Support

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Loading Frame

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Sand Construction - Hydraulic Filling

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Laminar Box Sand Placement Placement rate / Density – To be worked out Target Density: ~ 30% - 50% Density measurements during placement & CPT measurements after placement Laminar Box (LB) Sand Container Water Strong Floor Circulating Water Pump Slurry Pump (5 HP, 3 , 208V, 14.5 A) Diffuser Sand Slurry Water Ottawa F-55 Sand (150 T) 3”/ 350 ft Hose LAB Reaction Wall

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Hydraulic Placement Methods

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Field Hydraulic Fill Placement Methods & CPT Results High Speed Low Speed + Compaction Bottom Dump

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Hydraulic Fill – Field CPT Data (Mitchell et al.) Better Control Possible in the Lab. Environment; Includes plans for development of placement controls to achieve desired density ranges

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Hydraulic Filling – Preliminary Pump Tests - completed Circulating Water Pump Slurry Pump (5 HP, 3 , 208V, 14.5 A) Sand Slurry Container-B Ottawa F-55 Sand Water Container-A Water Placement rate & Density Controls – To be worked out Target Density: ~ 30% - 50% Density measurements during placement & CPT measurements after placement

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Laminar Box Sand Placement Preparation Tests Placement rate / Density – To be worked out Target Density: ~ 30% - 50% Density measurements during placement & CPT measurements after placement Laminar Box (LB) Sand Container Water Strong Floor Circulating Water Pump Slurry Pump (5 HP, 3 , 208V, 14.5 A) Diffuser Sand Slurry Water Ottawa F-55 Sand (150 T) 3”/ 350 ft Hose LAB Reaction Wall

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory CPT Testing 100% Soil Saturation – Hydraulic Filling: For Fully Saturated Tests. Drain water to obtain “Dry” Sand – For Unsaturated or dry Tests 1. Tip 2. Sleeve 3. Pore pressure Cost (TBE) Additional Sampling & Density measurements

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Year-1 Test Plans ( ) Preparatory Preparatory Dry Runs & Preliminary Equipment Tests Dry Runs & Preliminary Equipment Tests Free-Field Liquefaction Free-Field Liquefaction Level Ground (LG-1) – Harmonic progressive amplitude increase (May 06) Level Ground (LG-1) – Harmonic progressive amplitude increase (May 06) Sloping Ground (SG-1) - Harmonic progressive amplitude increase (July 06) Sloping Ground (SG-1) - Harmonic progressive amplitude increase (July 06) Coord Pre-test data for num. modelers – 2mo before tests for Class A prediction & post-test model calibration (March 06 & May 06) Coord Pre-test data for num. modelers – 2mo before tests for Class A prediction & post-test model calibration (March 06 & May 06) Single Pile Single Pile High-EI Pile (Test 1A) – Harmonic 1-2Hz, g (Aug. 06) High-EI Pile (Test 1A) – Harmonic 1-2Hz, g (Aug. 06) Low-EI Pile (Test 1B) – Harmonic 1-2Hz, g (Oct. 06) Low-EI Pile (Test 1B) – Harmonic 1-2Hz, g (Oct. 06) Coordination w/ Centrifuge Tests & IT Coordination w/ Centrifuge Tests & IT

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Instrumentation – Schematic Plan view Schematic Diagram – Plan View Strain Gauge Piezometer Accelerometer Potentiometer MEMS Shape Cable Reaction Wall Actuator

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Instrumentation: Free Field Liquefaction Tests LG-1 & SG-1 0

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Instrumentation: Free Field Liquefaction Tests LG-1 & SG-1 0

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 5.0 m 2.75 m 6.2 m SECTIONAL VIEW PLAN Shaking Frame on Strong Floor Pile ( Test 1A : High EI pile, Test 1B : Low EI pile)  =2 or 3 deg. F#55 Sand, Dr~45% 3.35 m 5.6 m 2-D Laminar Box (24 Laminates) Ball Bearings Boundary “Ring – Corrections” To be worked out Single Pile (Tests 1A & 1B)

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Soil-Pile Instrumentation Schematic Diagram- Sectional Views Strain Gauge Piezometer Accelerometer Potentiometer MEMS Shape Cable

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Soil-Pile Instrumentation Schematic Diagram – Plan View Strain Gauge Piezometer Accelerometer Potentiometer MEMS Shape Cable Reaction Wall Actuator

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Soil-Pile Instrumentation KRYPTON

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Instrumentation: Single Pile 0

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Instrumentation: Single Pile 0

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Group Pile (Test 3; Yr-2)

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Instrumentation: 2x2 Group 0

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Instrumentation: 2x2 Group 0

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Instrumentation Summary Soil Sensors 34 Accelerometers – Rings 28 Accelerometers – Soil 54 Piezometers – Soil 40 Potentiometers – Rings 3 MEMS Shape Cables – Soil Krypton Imager – Field of View: Top Surface and Top 2m Rings Pile Sensors Many Strain gauges 2 MEMS Shape Cables Krypton Imager - Field of View: Pile Cap Others Instrument Mounting Frame - Available Pacific Data Acquisition System (285 Channels; 256 available) Krypton (30) – 50 Available MEMS (144) - ?? Available Time stamp, Data Synchronization & IT – Need to develop (Jason)

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Introduction a. UB 1-g Tests – Task 1 b. Schedule Laminar Box Strong Floor-Shaking – Laminar box Completed; Shaking Design completed; Strong floor-box interface Fabrication & Testing planned a. Preparations, Progress & Schedule b. Strong Floor, Actuators, Shaking, Logistics, Safety Sand Construction – Plans & progress – Pump tests completed a. Sand Hydraulic Filling & Density Control – Preparations and progress b. Dry runs – Preparations & fine tuning equipment c. Sand CPT Testing – plans Year-1 Test Plans & Schedule – NEES Lab Scheduled (Typ 10wks/test) a. Tests & Instrumentation – prelim. plans & Budget completed (w/ AMR) b. Coordination & integration (with Other Tasks) b. Data Acquisition & IT (preliminary) Equipment & Instrumentation - Progress Summary Task 1 Progress Summary

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Equipment & Instruments – Plan & Progress.. 0

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Open for Discussion by All Researchers